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There is emerging evidence of an association between epigenetic modifications, glycemic control and atherosclerosis risk. In this study, we mapped genome-wide epigenetic changes in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and advanced atherosclerotic disease. We performed chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) using a histone 3 lysine 9 acetylation (H3K9ac) mark in peripheral blood mononuc

Context: The biological mechanism for the association between sleep duration and incident diabetes mellitus (DM) is unclear. Sleep duration and Caspase-8, a marker of apoptotic activity, have both been implicated in beta cell function.Objective: To investigate the associations between sleep duration and plasma Caspase-8, and incident DM, respectively.Design: Prospective cohort study.Setting: The M

The cardiac hormone atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is a central regulator of blood volume and a therapeutic target in hypertension and heart failure. Enhanced ANP activity in such conditions through inhibition of the degradative enzyme neprilysin has shown clinical efficacy but is complicated by consequences of simultaneous accumulation of a heterogeneous array of other hormones. Targets for spe

The focal and progressive degeneration of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in ventral midbrain has made Parkinson's disease (PD) a particularly interesting target of cell-based therapies. However, ethical issues and limited tissue availability have so far hindered the widespread use of human fetal tissue in cell-replacement therapy. DA neurons derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) offer unpre

Background: Virtual imaging trials (VITs) are in silico studies that simulate medical imaging and disease processes, offering a cost-effective and reproducible addition to traditional imaging trials. While VITs are well established in breast imaging, most existing implementations simulate imaging based on static anatomical models, capturing only a single time point. This limits their ability to st

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Atherosclerotic plaques are the leading cause of cardiovascular events. Single-cell approaches have identified diverse human plaque cell phenotypes but their spatial distribution and interactions remain unclear. Here, intercellular communication patterns in human plaque microenvironments were mapped to reveal novel targets to prevent atherosclerotic events.METHODS: Spatial tra

We present a microchannel-based adaptation of mass density-gradient centrifugation for the mass density measurement of cells or microparticles. The workflow consists of three basic steps: Microchannel filling, centrifugation, and microscopy. Microchannel filling and subsequent centrifugation of two liquids with different densities allows the instantaneous, precise, and repeatable generation of a o

Aims: In a co-twin control design, we aimed to examine whether individuals who initiate metformin treatment have an altered risk of incident diagnosis of osteoarthritis (OA), for up to 11 years after starting the treatment, compared with their non-treated co-twin. Methods: In all twin pairs different for metformin treatment (N=1 261 pairs) and all eligible twins/singletons (N=52 341) aged 35–75 ye

Long-distance migrants face numerous challenges during their migration, with the spring migration timing being particularly important, as early arrival at the breeding grounds often enhances breeding success. Both innate and environmental factors influence migration timing in birds, and the earlier arrival of males than females is common among songbirds breeding in temperate zones. The great reed

Epigenome-wide studies of pancreatic islets provide valuable insights into type 2 diabetes (T2D) but lack methylomes from individual cell types. Here we show changes to alpha and beta cell-specific methylomes and transcriptomes from people with or without T2D, using whole-genome bisulfite sequencing and RNA sequencing. We discover 22,544 differentially methylated regions annotated to 7,975 genes i

Behavioral, physiological, and life-history adaptations to the lunar cycle are global phenomena across trophic levels and ecosystems yet remain poorly understood because of the challenges of studying free-living organisms at night. We show that the lunar cycle regulates both daily foraging activity and foraging success in the red-necked nightjar-a nocturnal avian insectivore-and that moonless peri

OBJECTIVES: We assessed the prevalence of neurodevelopmental disabilities (NDDs; cognition, cerebral palsy, vision/hearing, epilepsy), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), developmental coordination disorder (DCD), behavior problems, and multimorbidity in a national cohort of children born extremely preterm (EPT, <27-week gestation) to provide a comprehe

Gate-tunable Josephson junctions with molybdenum superconducting contacts are reported. The Josephson field-effect transistors are based on an (In,Ga)As quantum well heterostructure with Mo contacts deposited on a layer of heavily doped (In,Ga)As by HCl cleaning and sputtering. We reproduced the measured data using a quasiballistic model that captures the gate dependence of the critical current an

Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) can induce oxidative stress, genomic instability, and epigenetic modifications. In occupational settings, Cr(VI)-exposed workers may also be exposed to other toxicants, such as elements besides Cr, and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). However, research on the extent of these co-exposures and their combined effects remains limited. The objective of this study

Since its development in the 1980s, spark ablation has been widely used to produce nanoparticles (NPs) in the aerosol phase, effectively eliminating surface contamination common in other generation methods (Schmitt-Ott, 2019). This is a significant advantage, as the surface of NPs plays a crucial role in applications such as sensing and catalysis. Additionally, spark ablation enables the productio

IMPORTANCE Risk stratification strategies in primary prevention of coronary events lack precision. OBJECTIVE To determine whether prediction of first coronary events is improved by adding information on coronary atherosclerosis from coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) to a model using the pooled cohort equation (PCE) risk score tool and the coronary artery calcification score (CACS). D

Glycophospholipids combine the structural versatility of phospholipids and carbohydrates, but their potential as excipients and performance in other related applications remains largely unexplored due to their low natural abundance. We have synthesized four novel phosphatidyl saccharide conjugates with different carbohydrate head groups; glucose, galactose, fructose and xylose by using a Phospholi

Background Von Willebrand factor (VWF) and coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) plasma levels are associated with increased risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE). Objectives This study aimed to determine the thrombotic risk of rare and common variants of 27 genes linked to VWF or FVIII plasma levels in genome-wide association studies. Methods Exon sequences of 27 genes linked to plasma levels of VWF or

Background. The estimation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is one tool to detect renal disease. The most used biomarker remains serum creatinine and the European Kidney Function Consortium (EKFCcrea ) equation is the most validated in Europe. More recently, cystatin C has been proposed as a biomarker. We studied the performances of the EKFC equations in a large cohort of subjects according to