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With the introduction of x-ray free electron laser sources around the world, new scientific approaches for visualizing matter at fundamental length and time-scales have become possible. As it relates to magnetism and ‘magnetic-type’ systems, advanced scattering methods are being developed for studying ultrafast magnetic responses on the time-scales at which they occur. We describe three capabiliti
Amyloid protein deposits are the hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, or diabetes type II. Although their connection to the diseases is not fully understood, many studies point at intermediate species called oligomers as being the main responsible for the toxicity of these proteins. This makes them strong candidates as therapeutic targets. However, due to their
Solid organ transplantation has progressed rapidly over the decades from the first experimental procedures to its role in the modern era as an established treatment for end-stage organ disease. Solid organ transplantation including liver, kidney, pancreas, heart, and lung transplantation, is the definitive option for many patients, but despite the advances that have been made, there are still sign
Solar-driven photocatalytic green hydrogen (H2) evolution reaction presents a promising route toward solar-to-chemical fuel conversion. However, its efficiency has been hindered by the desynchronization of fast photogenerated charge carriers and slow surface reaction kinetics. This work introduces a paradigm shift in photocatalyst design by focusing on the synchronization of charge transport and s
Effective electron supply to produce ammonia in photoelectrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (PEC NRR) remains challenging due to the sluggish multiple proton-coupled electron transfer and unfavorable carrier recombination. Herein, InP quantum dots decorated with sulfur ligands (InP QDs-S2−) bound to MIL-100(Fe) as a benchmark catalyst for PEC NRR is reported. It is found that MIL-100(Fe) can
Objective: The objective of this study was to study the recovery from, and incidence of, work-restricting musculoskeletal pain after bariatric surgery compared with usual obesity care. Methods: Pain in different body regions was monitored using questionnaires in the nonrandomized, prospective, controlled Swedish Obese Subjects (SOS) study, which included 2007 participants treated with bariatric su
BACKGROUND: Transportation noise has been linked with cardiometabolic outcomes, yet whether it is a risk factor for atrial fibrillation (AF) remains inconclusive. We aimed to assess whether transportation noise was associated with AF in a large, pooled Nordic cohort.METHODS: We pooled data from 11 Nordic cohorts, totaling 161,115 participants. Based on address history from five years before baseli
Summary: We wanted to determine if there are any associations between birth factors and adult fracture risk. For women only, shorter birth length was associated with lower relative fracture risk. For women and men, individuals who were long at birth as well as tall in adulthood had a substantially higher relative fracture risk. Purpose: We aimed to examine associations between birth anthropometry
Identifying patients at risk for metastatic relapse is a critical medical need. We identified a common missense germline variant in proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) (rs562556, V474I) that is associated with reduced survival in multiple breast cancer patient cohorts. Genetic modeling of this gain-of-function single-nucleotide variant in mice revealed that it causally promotes b
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, not least in the elderly. The incidence of aged TBI patients has increased dramatically during the last decades. High age is a highly negative prognostic factor in TBI, and pharmacological treatment options are lacking. We used the controlled cortical impact (CCI) TBI model in 23-month-old male and female mice and analyzed t
Development in hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) that may be used as alternatives to donated blood requires an extensive supply of highly pure hemoglobin (Hb) preparations. Therefore, it is essential to fabricate inexpensive, stable and highly selective absorbents for Hb purification. Molecular imprinting is an attractive technology for preparing such materials for targeted molecular recogn
Objective: To estimate the size of regression to the mean (RTM) for common patient-reported outcomes in trials for knee osteoarthritis (OA). Design: Longitudinal cohort study; we included participants of the Osteoarthritis Initiative who fulfilled typical inclusion criteria for enrolment in a trial. These included: age 40–79 years, symptomatic knee OA, Kellgren-Lawrence grade 2–3, use of pain medi
Context: Proneurotensin (pNT) is associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D), but the effects of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) on postprandial pNT levels are not well studied. Objective: This work aimed to assess the effects of RYGB vs a very low-energy diet (VLED) on pNT levels in response to mixed-meal tests (MMTs), and long-term effects of RYGB on fasting pNT. Methods: Cohort 1: Nine no
The development of nanoscale materials is essential across various fields, including catalysis. The intrinsic properties of well-defined nanometre-sized catalysts directly influence their catalytic performance. This thesis investigates the design, fabrication and optimisation of palladium (Pd)-based nanostructures as potential nanocatalysts through a multidisciplinary approach combining state-of-t
