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Inspired by Putnam’s study of Italy, this chapter develops applications that test the issue of social capital and health in the context of social epidemiology. Three central concepts are explained. The chapter attends to the technical issues, including, for example, the portion of children in subgroups identifying conflicts. The author then comes to his main message: the value of longitudinal expe
Emergence of a classical particle trajectory concept from the full quantum description is a key feature of quantum mechanics. Recent progress of solid-state on-demand sources has brought single-electron manipulation into the quantum regime; however, the quantum-to-classical crossover remains unprobed. Here we describe theoretically a mechanism for generating single-electron wave packets by tunneli
Antibodies targeting Ab42 are under intense scrutiny because of their therapeutic potential for Alzheimer’s disease. To enable systematic searches, we present an “antibody scanning” strategy for the generation of a panel of antibodies against Ab42. Each antibody in the panel is rationally designed to target a specific linear epitope, with the selected epitopes scanning the Ab42 sequence. By screen
The first step of the adaptive immune response involves the interaction of T cells that express T-cell receptors (TCRs) with peptide-loaded major histocompatibility complexes expressed by antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Exactly how this leads to activation of the TCR and to downstream signaling is uncertain, however. Recent findings suggest that one of the key events is the exclusion of the large
The fascinating relationship between structure and property in nanowires has enabled a wealth of applications in photonics and electronics. The behavior of phonons in nanowires is also modified compared to their bulk counterparts. In this review, we provide an overview of the recent efforts to investigate the properties of acoustic phonons in nanowires using ultrafast optical methods. In particula
A novel hybrid hole transport layer (HTL) of CuInSe2 quantum dots (QDs)/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) was developed to enhance the performance of halide metal perovskite (MAPbI3)-based photodetectors. The introduction of CuInSe2 QDs not only improved the wettability of the PEDOT:PSS HTL for the growth of perovskite crystals but also facilitated the transportat
The high open-circuit voltage and the slow recombination in lead-halide perovskite solar cells has been one of the main contributors to their success as photovoltaic materials. Here, we review the knowledge on recombination in perovskite-based solar cells, compare the situation with silicon solar cells, and introduce the parameters used to describe recombination and open-circuit voltage losses in
Background and Purpose-Hematoma volume is an important determinant of clinical outcome in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of hematoma volume with the aim of identifying novel biological pathways involved in the pathophysiology of primary brain injury in ICH. Methods-We conducted a 2-stage (discovery and replication) case-only genome-w
Background and Purpose- We sought to explore the effect of genetic imbalance on functional outcome after ischemic stroke (IS). Methods- Copy number variation was identified in high-density single-nucleotide polymorphism microarray data of IS patients from the CADISP (Cervical Artery Dissection and Ischemic Stroke Patients) and SiGN (Stroke Genetics Network)/GISCOME (Genetics of Ischaemic Stroke Fu
BACKGROUND: Factor VIII (FVIII) and its carrier protein von Willebrand factor (VWF) are associated with risk of arterial and venous thrombosis and with hemorrhagic disorders. We aimed to identify and functionally test novel genetic associations regulating plasma FVIII and VWF. METHODS: We meta-analyzed genome-wide association results from 46 354 individuals of European, African, East Asian, and Hi
Femtosecond spectroscopy is an important tool used for tracking rapid photoinduced processes in a variety of materials. To spatially map the processes in a sample would substantially expand the method’s capabilities. This is, however, difficult to achieve, due to the necessity of using low-noise detection and maintaining feasible data acquisition time. Here, we demonstrate realization of an imagin
One of the most ubiquitous techniques within attosecond science is the so-called reconstruction of attosecond beating by interference of two-photon transitions (RABBIT). Originally proposed for the characterization of attosecond pulses, it has been successfully applied to the accurate determination of time delays in photoemission. Here, we examine in detail, using numerical simulations, the effect
All-inorganic halide perovskite nanowires (NWs) exhibit improved thermal and hydrolysis stability and could thus play a vital role in nanoscale optoelectronics. Among them, blue-light-based devices are extremely limited because of the lack of a facile method to obtain high-purity CsPbCl3 NWs. Herein, we report a direct and facile method for the synthesis of CsPbCl3 NWs assisted by inorganic ions t
Ternary alloyed CdSexTe1–x colloidal QDs trap-passivated by iodide-based ligands (TBAI) are developed as building blocks for UV–NIR photodetectors. Both the few surface traps and high loading of QDs are obtained by in situ ligand exchange with TBAI. The device is sensitive to a broad wavelength range covering the UV–NIR region (300–850 nm), showing an excellent photoresponsivity of 53 mA/W, a fast
Quantum droplets may form out of a gaseous Bose-Einstein condensate, stabilized by quantum fluctuations beyond mean field. Determining the ground state of a rotating binary condensate, we show that multiple singly quantized vortices may form in these droplets at moderate angular momenta in two dimensions. Droplets carrying these precursors of an Abrikosov lattice remain self-bound for certain time
Electrical quantum conductors coupled to microwave resonators have in the last decade emerged as a versatile test bed for controllable light-matter interaction on the nanometer scale. Recent experimental progress with high-impedance resonators has resulted in conductor-resonator systems with a large, dimensionless coupling parameter λ 0.1, well beyond the small-coupling regime, λ1 Motivated by thi
The voltage-controlled graphene-mediated surface-enhanced Raman scattering (G-SERS) spectroscopy is experimentally developing spectral technology, and which is prosperously applied in the fields of ultra-sensitive spectral analysis, sensor and catalysis. In this review, we introduce the physical principle, fabrication method, and recent applications of voltage-controlled G-SERS. We firstly introdu
An x-ray spectrometer includes: an x-ray plasma source that produces first x-rays; an x-ray optic in optical communication with the x-ray plasma source and that: receives the first x-rays from the x-ray plasma source; focuses the first x-rays to produce second x-rays; and communicates the second x-rays to a sample that produces product x-rays in response to receipt of the second x-rays and second
Spin-cast intermolecular interactions in conjugated polymer films lead to the formation of excited states delocalized over a few oriented and tightly packed conjugated segments. The optoelectronic properties of conjugated polymers are strongly dependent on the presence of such oriented domains at a nanoscale level. We observe oriented domains as large as several micrometers in size spontaneously f
