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In the summer of 1993, two Russian scientists from the Institute of Physics in Nizhny Novgorod drove the 1, 934 km to Umeå, where I was based at that time, in their red Lada car loaded with a home-built Ti:Sa laser. Within a few days, the laser was put in operation, pumped by a small argon-ion laser, and produced stable -100 fs pulses at 790 nm. These pulses were applied to our favorite topic at t
We have combined high-energy surface X-ray diffraction (HESXRD) with 2D surface optical reflectance (2D-SOR) to perform in situ electrochemical measurements of a Au(111) electrode in 0.1 M HClO4 electrolyte. We show that electrochemically induced changes to Au(111) surface during cyclic voltammetry can be simultaneously observed with 2D-SOR and HESXRD. We discuss how small one atom high 1x1 island
Steps at metal surfaces may influence energetics and kinetics of catalytic reactions in unexpected ways. Here, we report a significant reduction of the CO saturation coverage in Pd vicinal surfaces, which in turn is relevant for the light-off of the CO oxidation reaction. The study is based on a systematic investigation of CO adsorption on vicinal Pd(111) surfaces making use of a curved Pd crystal
Photoluminescence (PL) blinking is a common phenomenon in nanostructured semiconductors associated with charge trapping and defect dynamics. PL blinking kinetics exhibit very broadly distributed timescales. The traditionally employed analysis of probability distribution of ON and OFF events suffers from ambiguities in their determination in complex PL traces making its suitability questionable. He
As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to affect societies across the world, the ongoing economic and social disruptions are likely to present fundamental challenges for current and future biodiversity conservation. We review the literature for outcomes of past major societal, political, economic and zoonotic perturbations on biodiversity conservation, and demonstrate the complex implications of pertu
OBJECTIVES: From a reproductive justice framework, we aimed to investigate how a possible association between hormonal contraceptive (HC) and antidepressants use (as a proxy for depression) is distributed across intersectional strata in the population. We aimed to visualise how intersecting power dynamics may operate in combination with HC use to increase or decrease subsequent use of antidepressa
The power of attosecond pump-probe spectroscopy combined with advanced detection schemes, such as photoelectron/ion coincidence spectrometers and time-resolved photoelectron emission microscopy (PEEM), can be unleashed by properly accounting for the repetition rate of the source. In this work, we present a high-repetition rate (200 kHz) attosecond pulse source that opens up for exploring phenomena
PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate inequality and heterogeneity in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and to provide EQ-5D-5L population reference data for Sweden.METHODS: Based on a large Swedish population-based survey, 25,867 respondents aged 30‒104 years, HRQoL is described by sex, age, education, income, economic activity, health-related behaviours, self-reported diseases and condit
Semiconductor materials (e.g., conjugated polymers, metal halide perovskites) have been widely used in solar cells, light-emitting diodes, and photodetectors. Organic conjugated systems have high mechanical flexibility and low costs for production. Metal halide perovskites have the advantage of strong light absorption, long charge-carrier diffusion lengths, and low intrinsic surface recombination.
The high efficiency of the special pair in initiating electron transfer in reaction centers is not well understood. By using 2DES, we identified the charge transfer state, which is responsible for the charge separation function.
Optical nonlinear spectroscopies carry a high amount of information about the systems under investigation; however, as they report polarization signals, the resulting spectra are often congested and difficult to interpret. To recover the landscape of energy states and physical processes such as energy and electron transfer, a clear interpretation of the nonlinear signals is prerequisite. Here, we
Metal halide perovskites are an important class of emerging semiconductors. Their charge carrier dynamics is poorly understood due to limited knowledge of defect physics and charge carrier recombination mechanisms. Nevertheless, classical ABC and Shockley-Read-Hall (SRH) models are ubiquitously applied to perovskites without considering their validity. Herein, an advanced technique mapping photolu
As a classical polymer acceptor material, N2200 has received extensive attention and research in the field of polymer solar cells (PSCs). However, the intrinsic properties of ground- and excited-states in N2200, which are critical for the application of N2200 in PSCs, remain poorly understood. In this work, the ground- and excited-state properties of N2200 solution and film were studied by steady-
When measuring inequality using conventional inequality measures, ethical assumptions about distributional preferences are often implicitly made. In this paper, we ask whether the ethical assumptions underlying the concentration index for income-related health inequality and the Gini index for income inequality are supported in a representative sample of the Swedish population using an internet-ba
Objective: There are few guidelines for clinical trials of interventions for prevention of post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA), reflecting challenges in this area. An international multi-disciplinary expert group including patients was convened to generate points to consider for the design and conduct of interventional studies following acute knee injury. Design: An evidence review on acute knee
Phosphoinositide (PIP) lipids are anionic phospholipids playing a fundamental role for the activity of several transmembrane and soluble proteins. Among all, phosphoinositol-3′,4′,5′-trisphosphate (PIP3) is a secondary signaling messenger that regulates the function of proteins involved in cell growth and gene transcription. The present study aims to reveal the structure of PIP-containing lipid me
PURPOSE: To study newly diagnosed glaucoma patients given mono- or multi-therapy regarding differences in initial intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction, target IOP levels reached and influence of untreated baseline IOP on IOP reduction.METHODS: Patients newly diagnosed with manifest primary open-angle glaucoma and included in the Glaucoma Intensive Treatment Study (GITS) were randomized to immediat
Inspired by Putnam’s study of Italy, this chapter develops applications that test the issue of social capital and health in the context of social epidemiology. Three central concepts are explained. The chapter attends to the technical issues, including, for example, the portion of children in subgroups identifying conflicts. The author then comes to his main message: the value of longitudinal expe
Emergence of a classical particle trajectory concept from the full quantum description is a key feature of quantum mechanics. Recent progress of solid-state on-demand sources has brought single-electron manipulation into the quantum regime; however, the quantum-to-classical crossover remains unprobed. Here we describe theoretically a mechanism for generating single-electron wave packets by tunneli
Antibodies targeting Ab42 are under intense scrutiny because of their therapeutic potential for Alzheimer’s disease. To enable systematic searches, we present an “antibody scanning” strategy for the generation of a panel of antibodies against Ab42. Each antibody in the panel is rationally designed to target a specific linear epitope, with the selected epitopes scanning the Ab42 sequence. By screen
