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Den här uppsatsen handlar om nedskräpning, insamling och återvinning av plast på Bali i Indonesien. På grund av osäkra avfallshanteringssystem, brist på kunskap och få incitament för insamling, har plastavfall en tendens att hamna i naturen där det sedan förorenar mark och vatten, och därmed utgör en risk för djurs och människors hälsa. Genom en fallstudie av den vinstdrivande och sociala organisa

Popular Abstract in Chinese 在世界許多地方蛾類幼蟲是主要的農業害蟲，但也有蛾類養殖業為獲取其絲綢蠶繭，例如家蠶。其實它也是第一個也是最好的研究揮發性有機分子用於傳遞信息的昆蟲研究模型。一般來說是雌蛾釋放信息素通過很長的距離來吸引雄性同類，而且具有出色的靈敏度和特異性。至今有記載的蛾類信息素都屬於同一類化合物(脂肪酸衍生物), 在信息素腺體內合成。信息素的生物合成涉及到脂肪酸的脫飽合，碳鏈縮短，並最終還原，乙酰化或氧化成醛等。這些反應過程中的酶已經進化到具有專一性，專門用於生產複雜的化學信號，使得蛾類的信息素存在豐富的化學多樣性。在本論文中，首先對幾個脫飽和酶進行研究。第一篇文章對冬尺蠖的脫飽合酶進行克隆並在酵母中通過異源表達證明了它具有把順十一,順十四,順十七-二十碳三烯酸轉化成順十一,順十四,順十七,十九-二十碳四烯酸的能力。這是有史以來第一個對甲基端脫飽合酶Moth caterpillars are major agricultural pests in many parts of the world. In general female moths attract male mates with their pheromone over long distance. Most of the described moth pheromones belong to the same class of chemical compounds, fatty acid derivatives that are produced de novo in the pheromone gland. The pheromone biosynthesis involves desaturation, chain-shortening by β-oxidation

The endogenous reparative capacity of the adult human brain is low, and chronic neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system represent one of the greatest areas of unmet clinical need in the developing world. Novel therapeutic strategies to treat them include: (i) growth factor delivery to boost endogenous repair and (ii) replacement cell therapy, including replacing dopaminergic neur

Popular Abstract in Swedish På Internet initieras en mängd tjänster på många områden. Det är tjänster som på flera sätt ingår i vardagslivet. I avhandlingen undersöks en av dessa tjänster och sätthur den används. Avhandlingen är en studie av e-handel av livsmedel i Sverige i perioden 1998-2003. Det är en period då e-handel bedrivs av de flesta stora aktörer på den svenska livsmedelsmarknaden men äFrom a social constructivist point of view this thesis investigates how e-commerce of grocery develops in the period 1998-2003. The empirical research is done in Sweden. Most Swedish grocery concerns that have had e-commerce and have been forced to shut down as a result of lack of demand. The starting point for this thesis is that technological development is an ongoing process where different act

Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) promotes photoreceptor survival but also suppresses electroretinogram (ERG) responses. This has caused concerns about whether CNTF is detrimental to the function of photoreceptors because it is considered to be a potential treatment for retinal degenerative disorders. Here we report that the suppression of ERG responses is attributable to negative regulation of t

GABA is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS and changes in GABAergic neurotransmission affect the overall activity of neuronal networks. The uptake of GABA into synaptic vesicles is mediated by the vesicular GABA transporter (VGAT), and changes in the expression of the transporter directly regulate neurotransmitter release. In this work we investigated the changes in VGAT protein leve

Previous studies have shown that the functional efficacy of intrastriatal transplants of fetal dopamine (DA) neurons in the rat Parkinson model depends on their ability to establish a new functional innervation of the denervated striatum. Here we report that the survival, growth, and function of the grafted DA neurons greatly depend on the severity of the lesion of the host nigrostriatal system. F

Background: Neoadjuvant and/or adjuvant treatment has led to an improved survival in patients with resectable gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma (GEAC). Nevertheless, survival rates remain poor and, hence, there is a great need to identify novel treatment strategies and relevant complementary diagnostics. Immunotherapies targeting the PD‐1/PD‐L1 checkpoints have shown promising results, but simultane

Objectives: To determine the intra- and inter-observer agreement of erosions detected and scored with cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) of bones in the hands and feet, and to compare CBCT with conventional radiography (CR) for assessment of bone erosions in patients with long-standing rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Method: Thirty patients with long-standing RA from the Better Anti-Rheumatic Pharmac

Reduced fibrinolytic capacity due to increased plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) activity in plasma is a common finding in patients with coronary heart disease or venous thromboembolism, although its clinical significance is debated. Recently, a dimorphism in the PAI-1 promoter (4G-5G) has been reported and homozygosity for the 4G allele is associated with increased transcription and highe

OBJECTIVE: Health system resilience can increase a system's ability to deal with shocks like floods. Studying health systems that currently exhibit the capacity for resilience when shocked could enhance our understanding about what generates and influences resilience. This study aimed to generate empirical knowledge on health system resilience by exploring how public antenatal and childbirth healt

The development of LED light has been rapid in the last decade and it has become the most attractive lighting solution for many buyers. The reasons have to do with the high energy efficiency of these lamps as compared to the traditional incandescent lamps. As society is trying to cope with climate change threats and all the connected issues related to nature and life of people, all opportunities t

A distinguishing feature of youth detention homes—and any other prisonlike institution—is the fact that inmates cannot just leave. They might escape, and there are ways to be transferred, enjoy an excursion, and get permission for home visits, but typically the young people in this case are supposed to remain within their given institution. I have been eager to not only depict this feature of fiel

Background: Little is known about the long-term effectiveness of behavioural therapy for tics. We aimed to assess the long-term clinical and cost-effectiveness of online therapist-supported exposure and response prevention (ERP) therapy for tics 12 and 18 months after treatment initiation. Methods: ORBIT (online remote behavioural intervention for tics) was a two-arm (1:1 ratio), superiority, sing