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Objectives To compile a battery of test including various aspects of physical fitness that could be used on the field and to assess whether any of these tests are associated with future traumatic knee injuries in youth female team sports athletes. Design Prospective cohort. Setting Sport setting. Participants Female athletes (n = 117, age 15–19 years), from Swedish sport high schools, active in so

Escape from cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses toward HIV-1 Gag and Nef has been associated with reduced control of HIV-1 replication in adults. However, less is known about CTL-driven immune selection in infants as longitudinal studies of infants are limited. Here, 1,210 gag and 1,264 nef sequences longitudinally collected within 15 months after birth from 14 HIV-1 perinatally infected infant

Objective. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of 92 inflammatory proteins on the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods. This study included consecutive patients with early RA recruited between 1995 and 2002. Stored plasma samples were analyzed for 92 inflammatory proteins. CVD diagnoses were retrieved from national in-

Intersectional multilevel analysis of individual heterogeneity and discriminatory accuracy (I-MAIHDA) is an innovative approach for investigating inequalities, including intersectional inequalities in health, disease, psychosocial, socioeconomic, and other outcomes. I-MAIHDA and related MAIHDA approaches have conceptual and methodological advantages over conventional single-level regression analys

The Amsterdam 2022 International Consensus Statement on Concussion in Sport (6th International Conference on Concussion in Sport) was the first Concussion in Sport Group (CISG) consensus to consider the para athlete.1 To date, a lack of research in para sport on most aspects of concussion has prevented the development of evidence-informed consensus on any aspects of concussion care for para athlet

Sociodemographic inequalities in student achievement are a persistent concern for education systems and are increasingly recognized to be intersectional. Intersectionality considers the multidimensional nature of disadvantage, appreciating the interlocking social determinants which shape individual experience. Intersectional multilevel analysis of individual heterogeneity and discriminatory accura

Para athletes are at higher risk for sports-related injuries, illnesses and other health conditions when participating in sports. In fact, the unique demands placed on Para athletes, both in terms of the specific impairments they experience and the adaptive equipment they use, can lead to a distinctive set of challenges and risks in the context of sports-related health compared to nondisabled athl

Patients with dementia experience a steady deterioration in cognitive function that increases mortality and impairments. Moreover, dementia is also anticipated to increase significantly in prevalence as the world's population ages, placing a strain on healthcare systems throughout the globe. Hence, early identification and prediction of dementia are essential due to timely treatments, enhanced pat

Persistent Pain (PP) in children often has a high impact on their functioning. Knowledge about how to meet the needs is insufficient, especially regarding younger children, children with comorbid psychiatric health conditions, and within different national contexts. A specialized pediatric pain clinic for PP in Sweden offers assessment and interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation (IPR) and collects d

Summary: The relationship between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and fracture risk was estimated in an international meta-analysis of individual-level data from 29 prospective cohorts. RA was associated with an increased fracture risk in men and women, and these data will be used to update FRAX®. Introduction: RA is a well-documented risk factor for subsequent fracture that is incorporated into the FRA

Neuromuscular disorders (NMDs) are disorders of the motor unit (motor neuron diseases, diseases of the peripheral nerves, neuromuscular junction diseases, and diseases affecting the muscle fibers). A common denominator of these diseases is muscle atrophy and progressive weakness. Quantitative assessments of muscle function are therefore essential to follow disease progression, to understand the as

Background: Pain in childhood is common, but there is an information gap on initial care seeking. Our aim was to determine trends and variations in the consultation prevalence and incidence of musculoskeletal pain, and most common sites of pain, in children and young people presenting to UK primary care. Methods: A national UK primary care database (CPRD Aurum) was used to determine annual prevale

Multilevel Analysis of Individual Heterogeneity and Discriminatory Accuracy (MAIHDA) is a multilevel regression approach grounded in intersectionality theory. It examines inequalities across intersections of social identities (e.g., gender, ethnicity, class) and is argued to provide more accurate predictions of intersectional means than conventional methods that estimate group means directly or vi

What are the benefit and harms of tumor necrosis factor inhibitors in seronegative rheumatoid arthritis patients who are inadequate responders to conventional synthetic DMARDs?

Preeclampsia is a hypertensive disorder that is usually diagnosed after 20 weeks' gestation. Despite the deleterious effect of smoking on cardiovascular disease, it has been frequently reported that smoking has a protective effect on preeclampsia risk and biological explanations have been proposed. However, in this manuscript, we present multiple sources of bias that could explain this association

OBJECTIVE: To assess the frequency of comorbidities and metabolic risk factors at and prior to giant cell arteritis (GCA) diagnosis. METHODS: This is a retrospective case control study of patients with incident GCA between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2019, in Olmsted County, Minnesota. Two age- and sex-matched controls were identified, and each assigned an index date corresponding to an inci

Background: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been suggested to contribute to the development of metabolic diseases such as obesity, diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, evidence from epidemiological studies remain divergent. The aim of the present study was to evaluate associations between PFAS exposure and prevalent diabetes in a cross-sectional analysis