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The objectives of this paper was to; examine if risk preferences are stable across different distribution contexts, in line with the prediction of the expected utility theory (EUT); if the range frequency theory (RFT) (Parducci, 1965) can account for observed choice behaviour in a hypothetical investment scenario; and lastly, analyse the potential factors that can account for the individual differ

This thesis adds a new perspective to the issue of firm valuation by introducing the discussion of how to assess the marginal value of ownership. Which are the determinants of the marginal value of subsidiary ownership? How can a company that wants to assess the marginal value of its subsidiary holding perform the valuation? How does the value of flexibility to act on different outcomes of an unce

The thesis puts forward a new framework of Distributed Economies (DE) based on summarizing the deficiencies in existing studies. This new framework is utilized to study the tourism evolution of Jiuzhai Valley, China. It is analyzed that tourism development in Jiuzhai Valley has the evolutionary sequence changing from small-scale service units run by the local residents to large-scale, centralized

Metals play a key role as a cornerstone of our modern society; they are part of the most basic elements of our daily life and have been part of our lifestyles for millennia. Current trends of metal production point out that developing countries in order to attain a developed-countries consumption level will require 3-9 times the present metal stock per capita, yet their mining practices are far fr

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of Rules of Origin (RoO) on the tuna trade in Thailand by comparing the existing trade agreements of two major partners, the EU and Japan. It is widely recognised that RoO affect the outcome of preferential trade agreements (PTA) due to its complicated nature. Thailand is the largest producer of canned tuna in the world and conducts its trade wit

Overlapping trade agreements in Africa are often brought up as an obstacle to the trade effect of preferential integration and referred to as the spaghetti bowl. The problem has not been investigated empirically before although it is often discussed by observers of the African economy. The purpose of this study is to describe the spaghetti bowl in Africa and to assess its impact on the effect of p

The purpose of this thesis was to explore the gendered impacts Fairtrade has on smallholder tea producers through a case study of the Sireet cooperative in Western Kenya. While previous studies have extensively elaborated on the overall impact of Fairtrade on poverty reduction and the livelihoods of farmers, a gender differentiated impact assessment has been substantially neglected. Through an emb

The high youth unemployment in Uganda has resulted in youth volunteering to gain competitive advantages in the labour market. Volunteering has an important place in social development, and it is beneficial for the individual. This study investigated how youth volunteering within non-governmental organisations are creating opportunities for youth empowerment in Kampala, Uganda. A majority of previo

As a response to limitations of the conventional food system, alternative food networks such as community supported agriculture and direct selling box schemes have emerged in Romania, involving close producer-consumer connections and an emphasis on local and organic produce. Through a multi-case study of two such networks in the city of Cluj-Napoca, their contribution to the establishment of a sus

One of the greatest achievements of the European Union (EU) is the abolition of internal borders and the establishment of the right to free movement. Consequently, the EU has made an effort managing its common external borders by establishing several internal mechanisms, instruments and bodies as well as various forms of cooperation with the associated Schengen countries and external third actors.

Sufficient access to financial resources is important in sustaining a business especially in the early phases. First years in business development are very critical since owners learn by doing mistakes in order to get a proof of concept of the business idea. Being aware of this fact, external financial institutions try to avoid taking part in highly risky endeavours. Although there are financial o

Our main finding was that creativity could be understood as a symbolic. The perceptions of creativity can be contagious, when the routinized worker associates him or herself with the creative outcome of the team. For the employee the symbolic meaning might also work as a distraction from alienation and provide more meaning to performing routinized tasks. We also saw how routines can be perceived e

The third UN Millennium Development Goal promotes “achieving gender equality and the empowerment of women” (UNDP 2013). It reflects the fact that violence against women (VAW) is a problem of global proportions which hinders the achievement of gender equality and at the same time has negative effects on countries’ social and economical well-being. In Peru, numerous efforts by the government, nation