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A theoretical analysis of the reduction of iron oxides by carbon in a circulating fluidized bed reactor is considered in this study. Iron oxide and coal particles are fast fluidized in the main column by a hot stream of gases (N2–CO–CO2–H2–H2O). The analysis considers kinetic and hydrodynamic factors in the reactor and assumes the reduction reaction by carbon to proceed through gaseous intermediat
A previous study reported the ability of staphylococci to bind heparin and heparin-dependent host growth factors. The present study isolated and identified heparin- and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)-binding surface components of S. epidermidis strain RP12 and S. haemolyticus strain SM 131. The staphylococcal heparin-binding component(s) were purified by affinity chromatography on heparin-S
Over the last decade it has been ever increasing interest in developing alternative sanitary systems, which would be more sustainable than a conventional one is. In Sweden urine separation has been considered a promising approach towards increasing recycling of wastewater nutrients. Full scale trials are carried out and examined. This paper presents a study on implementation of urine separation sy
With the application of a homology screening strategy, including PCR amplification and southern blot hybridization, a novel cDNA was cloned from rat liver and anterior pituitary libraries. It was found to encode a 371-amino acid protein which has the characteristics of a heptahelix receptor and shows structural identity to members of the chemoattractant receptor family. A primary receptor message
Using e(+)e(-) -> mu(+)mu(-)(gamma) and e(+)e(-) -> q (q) over bar(gamma) events radiative to the Z pole, DELPHI has determined the centre-of-mass energy, root s, using energy and momentum constraint methods. The results are expressed as deviations from the nominal LEP centre-of-mass energy, measured using other techniques. The results are found to be compatible with the LEP Energy Working Group e
I formulate a simple model of the ultimatum game, in which a proposer and a responder can receive a reward if they agree on how to divide this reward between them. The model is easy to analyse and shows that strong tendencies to fair division are expected when evolution of strategy frequencies follow the traditional gradient dynamics assumed in evolutionary models. The mean stable offer is typical
Experiments were done to examine the phototrophic response of sun-tracking leaves of Lupinus succulentus Dougl. to fixed beams of white and broad band light. Upon irradiation with 15 W m-2 white light that struck the laminae at an angle of 45°, there was a 45–60 min lag period prior to leaf movement. The greatest rate of movement was 15° h-1, and reorientation ceased when leaves attained a positio
Low-temperature spectra of fully active (oxygen-evolving) Photosystem II (PSII) cores prepared from spinach exhibit well developed structure. Spectra of isolated sub-fragments of PSII cores establish that the native reaction centre is better structured and red-shifted compared to the isolated reaction centre. Laser illumination of PSII cores leads to efficient and deep spectral hole-burning. Measu
Several principal aspects and components of an advanced catalytic exhaust after-treatment system for NO, reduction on a heavy-duty diesel truck engine have been systematically examined and evaluated. The after-treatment system consists of de-NO, catalysts, injection of a reducing agent (diesel fuel), and computer programs to model the engine and catalysts in real time. These models are combined wi
In this work, a three-dimensional computational method has been further developed for a composite duct, to analyze water phase change and liquid water saturation level, two-phase flow and heat transfer in a multi-component mixture. The duct under consideration consists of a flow duct, porous layer and solid structure. Advanced boundary conditions are applied in the analysis, concerning the thermal
The singlet ground and low-energy excited states of the benzene dimer in D-6h geometry are characterized using second order multireference perturbation theory (CASPT2). The counterpoise-corrected spectroscopic parameters of the benzene excimer are in quantitative agreement with experiment. The same method was used to compute a submanifold of the potential energy hypersurface of the first excited s
It is shown that in water of finite depth, the surface profile eta of a periodic traveling wave uniquely determines the corresponding flow in the body of the fluid. This holds for rotational flow as long as the vorticity function gamma(psi) satisfies the condition gamma'(psi) max(xis an element ofR) eta(2)(x) < pi(2). This condition is also shown to be sharp.
Patients with blunt abdominal trauma and fatal outcome during 30 years in a well-defined rural Swedish area have been analyzed. There were 127 patients. Several facts indicate that more severe trauma has been appearing more often during this period The mortality rate has, however, been stable, but the patients have become older. More patients die from pulmonary complications than from the trauma i
Through several decades of research, absolute paleointensity estimates have been obtained from a wide range of rocks with varying ages, covering the last 3.45 Ga years. These paleointensity data are crucial to study the past geodynamo and the geological evolution of the Earth's deep interior. However, paleointensity data are often difficult to interpret, and on-going discussions concerning the pas
Antisocial behavior is often persistent, and in addition to causing suffering to children and their families, it also poses considerable costs for society. Children who display externalizing behavior in their early years run a high risk of having severe problems later in life. There is a need for treatment methods that may be used in various settings because these children constitute a group that
