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In this study, we use direct numerical simulations to investigate turbulent premixed ammonia flames assisted by non-equilibrium nanosecond plasma discharges and hydrogen addition. The results reveal the coupling effects of turbulence, the hydrogen concentration in the fuel blend, and plasma discharges on the microscopic structure of the flame and chemical pathways. It is found that the flame front
An assessment of the global progress in climate change adaptation is urgently needed. Despite a rising awareness that adaptation should involve diverse societal actors and a shared sense of responsibility, little is known about the types of actors, such as state and non-state, and their roles in different types of adaptation responses as well as in different regions. Based on a large n-structured
Highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOM) play a crucial role in the formation and growth of atmospheric particles, thereby influencing air quality and climate. A comprehensive understanding of HOM formation, particularly an accurate quantification of their yields, is essential to constrain the climate and health impacts of aerosols. Previous studies often reported constant HOM yields as averages,
Discontinuous Galerkin (DG) methods are promising high order discretizations for unsteady compressible flows. Here, we focus on Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP). These flows are characterized by a fine resolution in z-direction and low Mach numbers, making the system stiff. Thus, implicit time integration is required and for this a fast, highly parallel, low-memory iterative solver for the resul
In this Letter, the first evidence of the (Formula presented) antihypernucleus is presented, along with the first measurement at the LHC of the production of (anti)hypernuclei with mass number (Formula presented), specifically (Formula presented) and (Formula presented). In addition, the antiparticle-to-particle ratios for both hypernuclei ((Formula presented) and (Formula presented)) are shown, w
Contraction scour at bridges occurs when the flow cross section is reduced by the bridge structure. In this study, a model was developed to predict the equilibrium contraction scour depth at a bridge using readily available data. This approach can be applied to assess contraction scour on a catchment scale in the initial phase of a study. The model was validated using laboratory measurements, achi
Aims: In a co-twin control design, we aimed to examine whether individuals who initiate metformin treatment have an altered risk of incident diagnosis of osteoarthritis (OA), for up to 11 years after starting the treatment, compared with their non-treated co-twin. Methods: In all twin pairs different for metformin treatment (N=1 261 pairs) and all eligible twins/singletons (N=52 341) aged 35–75 ye
Aim: To model the long-term cost-effectiveness of scaling up two prevention interventions against type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), i.e. community mobilisation through participatory learning and action (PLA) and mHealth mobile phone messaging, implemented in rural Bangladesh as part of the “DMagic” trial. Methods: A health-economic Markov model of the three-arm, cluster-randomised controlled DMagic
Despite rapid clinical translation, induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived therapies face limited global adoption. Harmonized quality control (QC) remains absent, with even fundamental parameters evaluated inconsistently across laboratories. To address this, we conducted two international Quality Assessment Rounds (QARs): QAR 2019 (18 sites, 11 countries) and QAR 2023 (23 sites, 12 countries
INTRODUCTION: Anaemia in patients having surgery is associated with worse postoperative outcomes. Management with intravenous iron is an attractive therapeutic option, however, pre-operative intravenous iron administration is challenging. Evidence from interventional trials suggests that the greatest benefit is after hospital discharge. As anaemia is common after surgery, this meta-analysis aimed
The circular economy is a concept which has received increased interest from built environment research and industry in recent years. This study explores two circular business models of adaptive reuse and shared spaces through employing a single-case study of a former factory, refurbished to shared offices and workshops. As circular economy has been criticised for ignoring social sustainability, w
This work investigates lightweight personalisation of micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS)-based wearables using a public padel database as a case study. We compare a centralised CNN model, single-user models and two fine-tuning schemes (full and last-layer) on wrist-worn IMU data from 23 players and 13 stroke classes. Personalised models with data augmentation achieve weighted F1-scores above
The link between regional tau load and clinical manifestation of Alzheimer's disease (AD) highlights the importance of characterizing spatial tau distribution across disease variants. In typical (memory-predominant) AD, the spatial progression of tau pathology mirrors the functional connections from temporal lobe epicentres. However, given the limited spatial heterogeneity of tau in typical AD, at
The aim of this international meta-analysis was to quantify the predictive value of BMI for incident fracture and relationship of this risk with age, sex, follow-up time, and BMD. A total of 1667922 men and women from 32 countries (63 cohorts), followed for a total of 16.0 million person-years were studied. 293325 had FN BMD measured (2.2 million person-years follow-up). An extended Poisson model
We consider the numerical approximation of the stochastic complex Ginzburg-Landau equation with additive noise on the one-dimensional torus. The complex nature of the equation means that many of the standard approaches developed for stochastic partial differential equations cannot be directly applied. We use an energy approach to prove an existence and uniqueness result as well as to obtain moment
”Hur kan det europeiska storstadstornet rädda staden?” Ungefär så, och sett i motsats till den anglosaxiska skyskrapan, kan det projekt som genomsyrar den här boken formuleras..."
Summary: In this meta-analysis of international cohorts, current smoking is confirmed as a significant BMD-independent predictor of future fracture with a stronger relationship in men than in women. A causative and reversible effect of smoking on fracture risk is suggested by past smoking having a significantly lower risk than current smoking. Purpose: In this meta-analysis of international cohort
Neophobia, or aversion to novelty, is important for adaptability and survival as it influences the ways in which animals navigate risk and interact with their environments. Across individuals, species and other taxonomic levels, neophobia is known to vary considerably, but our understanding of the wider ecological drivers of neophobia is hampered by a lack of comparative multispecies studies using
Sexual dysfunction (SD), more specifically vasculogenic erectile dysfunction (ED) in men and female sexual arousal disorder (FSAD) in women, is increasingly recognized as a marker of cardiovascular disease (CVD). While extensive literature documents vasculogenic ED as an early warning sign of coronary artery disease (CAD) and other atherosclerotic manifestations, the evidence for analogous phenome
The growing demand for lithium-ion batteries has intensified the need for efficient processes to produce lithium hydroxide (LiOH), a compound with superior performance in cathode manufacturing compared to lithium carbonate. Conventional LiOH production from brine involves the lime conversion of lithium carbonate, which increases costs and process complexity. In this study, Donnan dialysis using an
