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Streptococcus pneumoniae is a leading cause of infectious disease globally. Nasopharyngeal colonization occurs in biofilms and precedes infection. Prior studies have indicated that biofilm-derived pneumococci are avirulent. However, influenza A virus (IAV) infection releases virulent pneumococci from biofilms in vitro and in vivo. Triggers of dispersal include IAV-induced changes in the nasopharyn
An important role for WNT-5A is implicated in a variety of tumors, including breast carcinoma. We previously showed that WNT-5A signaling inhibits migration and metastasis of breast cancer cells, and that patients with primary breast cancer in which WNT-5A was expressed have a better prognosis. Despite the fact that RhoGTPase Cdc42 is commonly associated with increased cell migration, we here show
Häktning är det mest ingripande av våra personella tvångsmedel. Oskyldig eller inte följer det av svensk lag att varje intagen ska behandlas med respekt för sitt människovärde. Vidare ska verkställigheten av häktningen utformas så att negativa följder motverkas, med sådana följder avses bland annat psykiska, sociala och ekonomiska konsekvenser som kan följa av ett frihetsberövande. Om det finns riPre trial detention is a coercion measure where a suspect is incarcerated between the time he or she is being arrested until the trial. A pre trial detainee is considered innocent until proven guilty and thus it is important that the detention is not used as a punishment or rehabilitation. Whether a detainee is innocent or not he or she should be treated with respect for his or her human dignity.
This study explores the extent to which decentralization has affected farmers’ access to agricultural advisory services in the Sunyani Municipality of Ghana. Specifically, it focuses on how political and organizational factors, which are intermediate outcomes of decentralization, affect the availability and relevance of advisory services. The study follows a qualitative research design employing q
The 1994 Tutsi Genocide in Rwanda affected the society, as well as its surrounding environment. By the use of Remote Sensing and GIS, the study looked at the evidence of change to the landscape by looking at vegetation based on NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) To explain the reason behind the noticed change, the following parameters were used: • rainfall variations, • refugees and p
Upon marketing the system in Europe and the USA cost savings generated from reduced work force have been prevailing. Since the cost of labour is much lower in the Asia Pacific region other factors have to be stressed. The parameters of flexibility and quality assurance may however cover any initial investment in a production system. Our purpose is to value flexibility and quality in a manufacturin
Recently heavy rainfall frequency in Kyushu Island, the southwestern part of Japan, during the rainy season, has been increasing due to possibly climate change, global warming. Owing to the recent increase of heavy rainfall frequency, natural disasters related to heavy rainfall including flooding and landslides have occurred and caused serious damages to infrastructures and human lives. Therefore,
Research on trade unions ability to influence EU policies has mainly addressed the issues trade unions faces internally such as cultural, linguistic and ideological differences. This thesis extends the research on trade unions ability to influence EU policies by analysing what external factors that has to be present if trade unions shall be able to prevent liberalisation in the context of the Euro
The condemnation of the specialized procedures of the faulty military commission system, particularly ex parte and in camera hearings to determine the closure of confidential information, has resulted in the contention that terror cases may be properly adjudicated in regularly constituted Article III courts. Proponents of prosecution of terror suspects in federal civilian courts assert that the co
The research brings the following conclusions: knowledge sharing plays essential role in communicating the need for organizational change; employees need time to identify themselves with the change aspect to become more customer-oriented. Some of the reasons for current discrepancies in Wind lie within unstructured and inconsistent communication, rapidly changing business environment, triggers cre
This is a study on how the widespread use of GlobalGAP standards, a food safety certification scheme commonly used by the large food retailers, affects African countries’ propensity to export fruit and vegetables. The theoretical framework for this study is based on the ongoing debate on whether standards work as a catalyst or a non-tariff barrier to trade. The question at issue for this paper foc
This thesis discusses institutional sustainability and transitions to sustainable development. These concepts are explored through a qualitative case study on rural groundwater management institutions in Aweil East, South Sudan. The primary question guiding the discussion is how a transition towards sustainable development is reflected in this particular case. The secondary questions supporting th
Indonesien har ratificerat de viktiga internationella mänskliga rättigheter-traktaten som ålägger stater att eliminera diskriminering av kvinnor – CEDAW, ICCPR och ICESCR. Ändå existerar omfattande diskriminering av kvinnor i landet, underblåst särskilt av lokala regleringar som tillkommit genom den starka regionala autonomin. Dessa regleringar, antagna på provins-, region- eller stadsnivå, bryterIndonesia has ratified the crucial international human rights treaties obligating states to eliminate discrimination against women – the CEDAW, the ICCPR and the ICESCR. Yet discrimination against women exists in Indonesia, especially fuelled by local regulations able to arise due to the country’s strong regional autonomy. Enacted either at province, regency or city level, these regulations contra
For over a decade the healthcare industry has attempted to mimic the non-medical industry with the use of incident reporting as one of many tools used to increase patient safety. But often healthcare workers are trained to perfect individual performance and the incident reporting descriptions are frequently weighted with character flaws (Leape, 1997). Human error is viewed as a personal failure in
In this master thesis we study and implement a model for market risk in a portfolio consisting of both stock and bond indices. It is based on an article by Glasserman, Heidelberger and Shahabuddin from year 2002. The model uses the assumption that the joint distribution of the losses follows a multivariate t-distribution. The model also uses Monte Carlo simulations with importance sampling in orde
Watersheds are patchy landscapes, hard to understand and deal with. Previous scholarship investigated various institutional arrangements to tackle classical problems related to the overuse, misuse and mismanagement of water resources. While studies eloquently identified conditions under which individuals cooperate and avoid a “tragedy of the commons” scenario, they hardly scrutinized the role of p
