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Parterna till en företagskoncentration måste ofta ändra den planerade transaktionen för att kommissionen anser att den påtagligt skulle hämma den effektiva konkurrensen inom gemenskapen. Kommissionen ser helst att de berörda företagen erbjuder sig att avyttra en verksamhet för att på så vis på ett permanent sätt upprätthålla eller återställa konkurrensen på marknaden. Denna typ av strukturellt korParties to a merger often need to change their original transaction plan because the commission’s investigation shows that the merger would lead to significant impediments of the effective competition on the common market. The Commission prefers the undertakings to divest such businesses or assets necessary to permanently maintain or restore an effective competition on the common market. However,

In northern Uganda, a war between the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA) and governmnet troops has raged for more than twenty years. In this conflict, the civilian population has been made a target and subjected to mass scale torture, mutilation and murder. Almost two million people have been forced to flee their homes to reside in government protected camps for Internally Displaced Persons. In these ca

One of the cleanest ways of transporting goods is at sea. However, the emissions from ships increase and with a wider knowledge about the environmental consequences caused by the emissions, requisite regulations are needed. This thesis deals with air emissions of sulphate (SOx) - and nitrogen oxides (NOx). These emissions cause negative environmental effects both by direct pollution and by forming

The proceeding in Swedish public administrative courts is regulated by the förvaltningsprocesslag (law of administrative proceeding). According to the 8 § in this law the court shall investigate a case by its nature. This paragraph gives the public administrative courts a duty to investigate their cases. The same paragraph declares that when necessary, the court notifies how the investigation shou

Fildelning innebär bland annat nedladdning och tillgängliggörande av upphovsrättsligt skyddade verk på internet. Detta orsakar ekonomiska förluster för rättighetsinnehavarna till verken. För att komma tillrätta med det utbredda fildelningsproblemet har rättighetsinnehavare börjat rikta ersättningsanspråk mot enskilda abonnenter. Detta bland annat genom att utsända förlikningserbjudanden i Sverige File sharing means, among other things, downloading and making copyrighted works available on the internet. This causes economic losses to the rights holders of the works. In order to address the widespread file sharing problem, rights holders have begun to claim compensation from individual subscribers. This, among other things, by sending settlement offers to subscribers in Sweden and Denmark. T

For Tetra Pak to be able to continue its work on minimizing energy usage and waste in its production systems and delivering better solutions for its customers, it is of the utmost importance to understand the products used in the Tetra Pak system. Many of these products are defined as semi-fluid products, which means they can behave like both fluids and solids, depending on the circumstances. Unde

Cooperation in soils can make a huge difference At a first glance, the coexistence of diverse plants in ecosystems seems to be completely harmonious. However, there is a high competence of these organisms for obtaining resources. In this scenario, most of the plants have decided to make a lifetime deal with fungi in order to ensure their development and survival. This symbiotic association is cal

Heavy Metals in ponds around Skåne A recent set of sediment assessments from the bottoms of ponds in southern Sweden determined that cadmium, zinc, and phosphorous concentrations were occurring at levels higher than normal in Kävlinge Å. Sediment from these ponds was previously proposed to be used as fertilizer on nearby agricultural land in the coming future so as to exploit its phosphorus conte

Rättsprincipen obehörig vinst, eller vinstregeln som den också kallas, har jämfört med andra europeiska rättsordningar haft en marginell betydelse i Sverige. Även om principen under en lång period varit föremål för skarp kritik från rättevetenskapligt håll, så har den på senare tid fått förnyad aktualitet då den dykt upp i flertalet rättsfall. I uppsatsen görs därför en översyn av svensk lagstiftnUnjust enrichment has, compared to other European legal systems, played a marginal role in Sweden. The principle of unjust enrichment has for a long time been the subject of pungent criticism in the Swedish jurisprudence. However, its recent comeback in Swedish case law has given the principle renewed importance. This paper examines and analyses Swedish legislation, case law and doctrine in order

Background
There is increased pressure on the supply chain to drive improvements to support overall business performance. Previously, the overall supply chain performance has lacked the right set of performance measures and has not been monitored, with fragmented improvement projects as the result.

To address this, a supply chain Balanced Scorecard has been devised for global u

An upcoming trend in the current IT-landscape is to outsource services to so called Cloud Service Providers (CSPs). However, many companies are still sceptical to this new kind of services, since they bring about a certain loss of control. For this reason, it is important for CSPs to show that their services are secure. There are several options in proving this and it is up to every CSP to choose

Samhället har genomgått en markant utveckling. Vi har lämnat industrisamhället och startat övergången mot ett allt mer kunskapsbaserat sådant. Detta får stora konsekvenser för arbetsmarknaden. Företagens nya krav på kunskap sätter varje enskild individs kunnande i fokus, vilket ofta är företagets viktigaste resurs. Maktförhållandet mellan parterna har förändrats och arbetsgivaren är inte längre deThe society has been through a radical change. We have left the industrial society and started the transit to a knowledge based one. This influences the market in many different ways. The companies’ new demands put the individual knowledge in focus, which now usually is the companies’ most important resource. The power configuration between the employer and the employee has changed and it is now n

I Sverige regleras idag tryck- och yttrandefrihetsrätten genom tre av landets fyra grundlagar, främst Tryckfrihetsförordningen (TF) och Yttrandefrihetsgrundlagen (YGL), men övergripande bestämmelser finns även i Regeringsformen (RF). TF och YGL är mycket detaljerat utformade samt teknikbundna, vilket innebär att dess bestämmelser ger ett särskilt skydd åt de yttranden som görs via ett medium. GrunThe Swedish liberty of the press and freedom of speech is regulated by three of the country's four constitutions, mainly the Freedom of the Press Act (TF) and the Fundamental Law on Freedom of Expression (YGL), but overall rules are also regulated in the Instrument of Government (RF). TF and YGL are very detailed formulated and also technology bound (”teknikbundna”), meaning that its provision

Persondosimetri för vårdpersonal, som i sitt yrke exponeras för joniserande strålning, är ständigt ett hett ämne och under konstant utveckling. Stråldosen mäts och registreras för att uppfylla riktlinjer och lagar, som syftar till att hålla personal säkra vid arbete med joniserande strålning. Det finns en rad olika sätt att mäta stråldoser till en människa. För att effektivt uppskatta och mäta strWithin the field of medical radiation protection, radiation safety and personal dosimetry, there is a constant pursuit for improving existing methods and evaluating new approaches for measuring and quantifying the radiation doses that hospital staff may be exposed to in their clinical work. There are numerous ways of determining what doses the staff are being exposed to and the most commonly used

Governments around the world have begun to adopt measures in support of electric vehicles. The supply push policies have been traditionally studied leaving the demand side innovation policy without much investigation. Therefore, policy makers lack institutional knowledge and policy experience. The demand side innovation policies have always been part of the public policy decisions but not part of

Individspecifik bildanalys och beräkningsmodell av läkande hälsena Hälsenan är den största senan i kroppen och hälseneruptur är en av de vanligaste sen- skadorna. Efter en ruptur läker senan med en ärrad vävnad och återfår inte sin intakta struktur. Detta innebär en stor risk för att hälsenan inte återfår sin funktion. I dagsläget brister kunskapen om vilken behandlings-metod som återställer hälsAchilles tendon rupture is becoming more prevalent with an increasing population of middle aged people participating in recreational sports. A torn Achilles tendon will likely not regain its original function, and it is unknown what treatment options are optimal. The Achilles tendon structure and how the tendon heals after a rupture varies between humans. A potentially useful tool in understanding

Anthropogenic climate change has increased the frequency of extreme drought events and leads to “hotter” droughts. Topography controls plant available water and site-specific climatic conditions. Drought sensitivity may therefore vary over short distances between wet and dry locations of the landscape. However, topography is rarely included as a factor in research investigating vegetation dynamics

The 83 million year old family tree of burnet moths To classify the living world around them, early on humans started naming plants and animals in order to distinguish food from non-food, predator from prey, etc. In 1800s a practice of a more formal way of classifying the living world was started, in which using Latin names made the classification universal. The unique appearances were used to di

Det framgår av 7 § LAS att en uppsägning måste vara sakligt grundad. Vad som utgör saklig grund för uppsägning finns inte närmare angett i lag mer än att en uppsägning inte är sakligt grundad om det är skäligt att arbetsgivaren erbjuder arbetstagaren annat arbete hos sig, 7 § 2 st. LAS. Arbetsgivarens omplaceringsskyldighet gäller både vid uppsägningar på grund av personliga skäl och uppsägningar For a dismissal to be lawful it must fulfil the just cause requirement stipulated in Section 7 of LAS. The just cause requirement is not defined in neither LAS nor any other statute. Section 7 of LAS only explains that just cause will not be found if it is reasonable to demand that the employer provides the employee with different work tasks or transfers the employee to some other available positi

I april 2019 utfärdades direktiv 2019/790, mer känt som DSM-direktivet. Art. 17 i direktivet riktar sig mot leverantörer av delningsplattformar: stora digitala plattformar där användare laddar upp och delar upphovsrättsligt material, ofta utan tillstånd från rättighetshavarna. Art. 17 gör delningsplattformsleverantörerna ansvariga för användarnas upphovsrättsintrång om de inte erhåller rättighetshIn April 2019, the EU issued directive 2019/790, better known as the DSM Directive. Art. 17 of this directive applies to online providers of content sharing platforms: large, digital platforms, where the users upload and share copyright protected content, often without the rightsholder’s permission. Art. 17 DSM Directive holds the platform providers liable for the users’ copyright infringements, u