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Abstract Aim: To describe the consumption of snuff in a rural male population and to explore associations between snuff use and obesity. Participants and Methods: Tobacco use was explored in 834 men aged 30-75 years old who participated in a cross-sectional population survey in the municipality of Vara (participation rate was 81%). Self-reported questionnaires assessed the habits of smoking and sn
This thesis is an exploratory, descriptive and comparative study of teachers’ focus and teaching methods in Spanish as a third language (L3) in Sweden. The curriculum of Modern Languages emphasizes communicative competence and the purpose of the study is to examine how this is applied in the teaching of the course Spanish 4 and how the students progress during the course. Five teachers at four Sen
Previous family and twin studies have indicated that Graves' disease has a heritable component. Family studies have also shown that some autoimmune disease cluster in families and genetic studies have been able to show shared susceptibility genes. In the present nation-wide study we describe familial risk for Graves' disease among parents and offspring, singleton siblings, twins and spouses with r
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Corticosteroids alone or in conjunction with azathioprine (AZA) is the standard treatment in autoimmune hepatitis (AiH). Individual variations in thiopurine (TP) metabolism may affect both drug efficacy and toxicity. Our aim was to investigate the utility of thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) as well as thioguanine nucleotide (TGN) and methylthioinosine monophosphate (meTIM
Objectives: To assess the interval change of the minimal joint space width (MJS) in radiographs of the tibiofemoral (TF) joint and of the patellofemoral (PF) joint with a 2-year follow-up in middle-aged people with longstanding knee pain with or without radiographic osteoarthritis (OA) and to study the precision of the MJS measurements. Design: In the format of a prospective study of early OA the
Distraction osteogenesis is used both for leg lengthening and for bone transportation in the treatment of fractures and nonunions. The main problem with this method is that the time until full recovery may be up to a year, partly because of the time needed for the new formed bone to consolidate and become strong enough for weight bearing. We have studied whether intermittent parathyroid hormone (P
Background: Free and total human kallikrein 2 (hK2) might improve the discrimination between prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia. Concentrations of hK2 are 100-fold lower than concentrations of prostate-specific antigen (PSA); therefore, an hK2 assay must have a low detection limit and good specificity. Methods: PSA- and hK2-specific monoclonal antibodies were used in solid-phase, two
Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase- 4 ( DPP- 4) is currently being explored as a new approach to the treatment of type 2 diabetes. This concept has emerged from the powerful and rapid action of the enzyme to inactivate glucagon- like peptide-1 ( GLP- 1). However, other bioactive peptides with potential influence of islet function are also substrates of DPP- 4. Whether this inactivation may add to
Background., Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a common cause of sudden death in children. In this study, we aimed to identify clinical measures for stratification of this risk in childhood. Patients and methods: By means of a retrospective cohort study from six regional centres of paediatric cardiology, we identified 128 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy presenting below 19 years of age, wit
En välmående demokratisk rättsstat är beroende av att allmänheten känner förtroende för rättsväsendet. I en domares uppdrag ingår således inte bara att döma rättvist och enligt gällande rätt utan även att verka för ett starkt förtroende från allmänheten som skall uppleva att den får en rättssäker prövning av våra domstolar. Domaren skall verka för detta genom att bl.a. uppträda professionellt, korA prosperous democratic legal state depends on the public’s confidence in the judiciary. Included in a judge’s duties is not only to judge fairly and in accordance with applicable law, but also to promote a strong confidence in the judiciary among the general public to fortify the common perception of the courts as fair and impartial. Judges shall act in accordance with these interests by conducti
Over the last 40 years, the concept of resilience has made a journey from the fields of ecology and psychology into the social sciences. By now, it has become a term commonly used in the international climate change adaptation and development spheres, describing the ability of an individual or a community to cope with or recover from harmful events. Critics have raised concerns about this spread,
A growing trend in cities around the word is to promote cycling to make them a more livable place to live in. Many big cities in Europe such as London, Paris, and Vienna have started to consider cycling not only as a mode of transport but also as a way to reduce pollution and congestion problems. Cities with long cycling culture such as Copenhagen and Amsterdam started decades ago a shift from a c
In my thesis work I have explored the relationship between site and building. As the focal point for my studies I have had a, too me, very familiar site in the outskirts of the village of Höör in the centre of Skåne. e site has been the property of my grandfather who took care of the place until he got to old to do it. I spend a lot of time here when visiting my grandparents as a kid. Today my mot
For historical reasons, Swedish railways use 15 kV/16? Hz overhead contact lines for train traction, while the most common standard worldwide is 25 kV/50-60 Hz. This leads to higher investment costs for railway conversions and expansions, and to greater energy losses in the distribution of electricity to the trains. Yet to get away from these drawbacks by investing in a 25 kV/50 Hz overhead contac
This thesis orbits around the changes in the Swedish abortion laws during the last century, and the relation to religion. The aim is to make visible the values enshrined in the first abortion law, and those in the current abortion law, as the legislation made a volte-face in the 1970’s. Today, abortion is a right and the state is the duty-bearer. This construction collides with the conscience of r
En ökad tillgång till och användning av information utmanar både de tekniska system och den lagstiftning som finns idag. Det är därför viktigt att det finns säkra och transparenta digitala tekniker för transaktioner och informationslagring samt lagstiftning som hanterar detta. Genom blockkedjeteknik kan parter registrera och verifiera transaktioner, dokument och avtal med fullständig tillit trots An increased access to and use of information challenges both the technical systems and the legislation there is today. Therefore, it is important that there are secure and transparent digital techniques for transactions and storage of information and a clear legislation on the matter. Through the blockchain technique, parties can register and verify transactions, documents and contracts with full
This study investigates The National Gallery of Denmark (SMK) and how its’ own pronounced aim to be open accessible “to everyone” is functioning in their everyday praxis. Through a walking phenomenological reportage-analysis (inspired by Michel De Certeau) in the exhibition room of the museums’ latest special exhibiton “Goldenage – World Class Art Between Two Catastrophes”, it is discovered how th
This thesis aims to investigate the role of social enterprise in coordinating stakeholder relationships to develop social innovation through the lens of stakeholder theory and its conceptual framework in sustainability management. Social enterprises are believed to feature the ability to establish and manage collaboration between stakeholders in the entrepreneurial process, therefore they are seen
This thesis aims to investigate the influence of social media content on youth tourism by assessing the perceptions of youth travelers from four countries - Bulgaria, Croatia, Sweden, and the Netherlands. Therefore, the purpose of this thesis is to examine the cultural differences of youngsters’ attitudes towards social media use in travel planning. It uses a quantitative research approach. The da
Sandvik Rock Processing in Svedala is a business area within the Sandvik Group who manufactures crushers and spare parts. A new production plant, Greenfield, will be completed in 2013 and as part of the change the company makes in connection with the new plant, there is a desire to revise and optimize the order quantities in the production. There are several models for lot sizing. Economic Order Q
