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Sedan tillkomsten av den nuvarande rättegångsbalken på 1940-talet har utgångspunkten i svensk rätt varit att bevisprövningen ska vara fri och inte styrd av legala normer. Detta hindrade emellertid inte lagstiftaren från att i förarbetena ställa upp krav på att bevisprövningen skulle vara objektiv och analytisk. Som en följd därav utvecklades ett antal bevisprövningsmetoder i den juridiska doktrineSince the creation of the present Code of Judicial Procedure in the 1940s the basis in Swedish law has been a free sifting of evidence, which is not governed by legal norms. This, however, did not prevent the legislator from demanding in the preparatory works that the sifting of evidence should be objective and analytical. As a consequence thereof, a number of methods for sifting the evidence deve

Var och en som anklagas för brott ska enligt Europakonventionen tillförsäkras rätten till en rättvis rättegång samt rätten att betraktas som oskyldig fram till dess att motsatsen bevisats. Genom denna oskyldighetspresumtion ska den tilltalade i en brottmålsrättegång inte behöva bevisa sig fri och har därför även rätten att vara tyst. Som en konsekvens av oskyldighetspresumtionen är det därför åklaAccording to the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, everyone accused of a crime must be guaranteed the right to a fair trial and the right to be presumed innocent until proven guilty. Due to the presumption of innocence, the accused in a criminal trial should not have to prove his or her innocence and therefore also has the right to remain silent. As a

Objectives: To study: (I) work-loss seen as sick leave and disability pension before and after the start of first anti-TNF therapy in Swedish regional and national RA cohorts; (II) baseline predictors of a good future work prognosis at diagnosis and after anti-TNF start with a special focus on the impact of the disease activity level and the disease duration at treatment start. Methods: RA patien

ABSTRACT Soft tissue tumor-associated gene fusions are currently being used as diagnostic genetic markers and seem promising as potential prognostic markers. In the present study, a new fusion gene was discovered in one case of a specific subtype of soft tissue sarcoma displaying a t(6;16) translocation. Using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), the FUS gene in 16p11 was shown to be rearra

Narkotika har sedan 1960-talet utgjort ett allvarligt samhällsproblem i Sverige. En skyndsam utbredning har varit en bidragande faktor till stor del av den grova brottsligheten i landet. På 1970-talet infördes målet om ett narkotikafritt samhälle i Norden, vilket sedan dess varit ledande för Sverige. Utmärkande för Sveriges narkotikapolitik är ett strängt och restriktivt förhållningssätt. Ett narkDrugs were noted as a serious public issue in Sweden during the 1960s with its accelerated expansion and conduciveness to heavy criminality. During the 1970s, the drug policy towards a drug free society was introduced in the Nordic region, and is still today advocated in Sweden. The drug policy in Sweden is known for the severe and restrictive approach. The drug policy has characterized the Swedis

Förstainstansrättens dom i målet Microsoft mot Kommissionen har gett upphov till många konkurrensrättsliga frågor, bl.a. gällande Microsofts tying av Windows Media Player till sitt operativsystem Windows. Denna uppsats för framförallt ett resonemang kring frågan om huruvida de ”traditionella” EG-rättsliga metoder som idag används vid bedömningen av kopplingsförbehåll (tying) är förlegade när dessa

Objective: The study objective was to assess the radiological properties of acute type A aortic dissection–related neurological injuries and identify predictors of neurological injury. Methods: Our single-center, retrospective, observational study included all patients who underwent acute type A aortic dissection repair between January 1998 and December 2021. Multivariable analyses and Cox regress

Background: Molecular analyses have shown that tumours diagnosed as supratentorial primitive neuro-ectodermal tumours of the central nervous system (CNS-PNETs) in the past represent a heterogenous group of rare childhood tumours including high-grade gliomas (HGG), ependymomas, atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumours (AT/RT), CNS neuroblastoma with forkhead box R2 (FOXR2) activation and embryonal tumour

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia worldwide. In AD, neurodegeneration spreads throughout different areas of the central nervous system (CNS) in a gradual and predictable pattern, causing progressive memory decline and cognitive impairment. Deposition of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in specific CNS regions correlates with the severity o

In 2018, up to 4 million m3 Norway spruce was killed by the spruce bark beetle Ips typographus in Sweden. The event was unique for Sweden, in terms of both affected volume and the fact that it was triggered by severe drought stress, not by ample availability of relatively defenseless storm-felled trees. The outbreak continued in 2019 and 2020, each year with twice as many trees killed as in 2018.

Hippocampal extracellular levels of noradrenaline (NA), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) were monitored with the microdialysis technique in freely moving rats. In one experiment 30 min samples were collected during 24 h of continuous perfusion, and the monoamine output was compared to the behavioural activity state, as arbitrarily classified in three categories:

BACKGROUND: An adequate amount of prepaid resources for health is important to ensure access to health services and for the pursuit of universal health coverage. Previous studies on global health financing have described the relationship between economic development and health financing. In this study, we further explore global health financing trends and examine how the sources of funds used, typ

Natural organic matter (NOM) is found in all surface, ground, and soil waters. During recent decades, reports worldwide show a continuing increase in the color and NOM of the surface water, which has an adverse effect on drinking water purification. For several practical and hygienic reasons, the presence of NOM is undesirable in drinking water. Various technologies have been proposed for NOM remo

An extended version of a numerical model introduced by Larson et al. (2013) to simulate long-term cross shore material exchange for the subaqueous portion of the profile has been developed. Efforts have focused on improving the model to better account for beach systems consisting of two bars (inner and outer bar), as well as simulating the feeder response over time of nearshore dredged material ba

We have studied the presence of novel inflammatory markers as soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) and natural IgM antibodies directed against phosphorylcholine (αPC-IgM) in Swedish diabetic patients (n = 164) and in healthy control subjects (n = 41). SuPAR is expressed by several types of immune cells and has been shown to be a marker of disease severity and predict mortality

Purpose: Due to the urgency and the magnitude of the environmental problems caused by food supply chains, it is important that the recommendations for packaging improvements given in life cycle assessment (LCA) studies of food rest on a balanced consideration of all relevant environmental impacts of packaging. The purpose of this article is to analyse the extent to which foodLCAs include the indir

Popular Abstract in Swedish Aerosolpartiklar i atmosfären har på senare år fått allt större betydelse i debatten om det globala klimatet och dess förändringar. Medan ökningen av växthusgaser bidrar till att medeltemperaturen på jorden ökar, är teorierna de motsatta vad gäller aerosolpartiklarna. Genom att med sin blotta existens direkt sprida det inkommande solljuset och utöver detta även agera såAtmospheric aerosol particles are believed to have an impact on the radiative forcing of the earth's surface. The predicted results indicate a net cooling effect on the global climate, however there are few studies available to substantiate this and experimental data are needed. This work deals with the collection and the analysis of aerosol particles in various environments, specifically in the

Background: Novel technical solutions are called for to promote home-based exercise among community-dwelling stroke survivors supported by their caregivers. Lack of resources and knowledge about how to accomplish it, has been demonstrated. The objective of this study is to describe in detail the development of ActivABLES, a technical intervention to promote home-based exercise and physical activit

Popular Abstract in Swedish Alla ryggradsdjur har ögon av en typ som kallas kameraöga. Som man kan höra på namnet så fungerar ett sådant öga ungefär som en kamera. En lins fokuserar ljuset på ett ljuskänsligt lager som i ett öga kallas för näthinna (retina). De ljuskänsliga cellerna i näthinnan heter tappar och stavar. Stavarna används för seende i mörker och tapparna används för seende i starkareMany fishes have well-developed visual systems with color vision capabilities. The crystalline lens is the major refractive element in a fish eye since the cornea is optically inactive underwater. A typical fish eye has a large pupil and a lens of short focal length, features that increase light gathering ability. They lead also to short depth of focus, which makes the eye particularly susceptible

Vocabulary for subsistence and technology may vary a great deal in their degree of borrowability, depending on time, place, inherent subsistence and technology, and the situation of the borrowing. In cross-linguistic typological studies of borrowability, these words tend to group somewhere from middle to high in borrowability, depending on lexical concept (Haspelmath & Tadmor, 2009).We have co