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The purpose of this study is to describe how the greenhouse gas (GHG) benefits of ethanol from agricultural crops depend on local conditions and calculation methods. The focus is mainly on the fuels used in the ethanol process and biogenic GHG from the soils cultivated. To ensure that "good" ethanol is produced, with reference to GHG benefits, the following demands must be met: (i) ethanol plants
Since the 'Danish bottles case', where the protection of the environment was recognized as a mandatory requirement that could derogate from the free movement of goods, the ECJ has taken over an interesting role to map the boundaries of its application. The rank of Community policy and the need of integration explicitly envisaged in the EC, have had a major influence in its judicial interpr
Since the 'Danish bottles case', where the protection of the environment was recognized as a mandatory requirement that could derogate from the free movement of goods, the ECJ has taken over an interesting role to map the boundaries of its application. The rank of Community policy and the need of integration explicitly envisaged in the EC, have had a major influence in its judicial interpr
On January 16, 2008 DG Competition announced the initiation of a Sector Inquiry Council Regulation (EC) No 1/2003 of 16 December 2002 on the implementation of the rules on competition laid down in Articles 81 and 82 of the Treaty (Text with EEA relevance) OJ L 1, 04/01/2003 p. 1 (''Regulation 1'') Article 17. into the Pharmaceutical Industry which it had begun by conducting unannou
I svensk rätt finns i dagsläget ingen bestämmelse om allmän skyldighet att bistå nödställda. Frågan har, historiskt sett, behandlats i utredningar och flertalet motioner har lagts fram men alla har gått i avstyrkande riktning. I brist på en straffsanktionerad hjälpplikt kan enskilda trots förmåga och hjälpmedel välja att inte ingripa utan att straffas. Lagstiftaren menar att försiktighet måste iak
Klimatmönstren världen över förändras och med dessa den globala distributionen och mängden av landbundet kol, dvs vegetationen som bland annat nyttjas som mat och fiber. Också I sig självt en viktig faktor i klimatets utveckling genom dess roll i energi- och vattenkretsloppen. Vetskap om kvantitet och distribution av landbundet kol och hur detta förändras är en viktigt del av arbetet i att förstå The climatic patterns of the world are changing and with them the spatial distribution of global terrestrial carbon; the food and fiber of the world and in itself an important factor in the changing climate. Knowledge of how the terrestrial carbon stock is changing, its distribution and quantity, is important in understanding how the patterns of the world are changing and large scale models using
After World War II Sovjet took over Poland with the plan of making it a socialist state in all its meanings, religious as well. That meant changing it from Roman Catholic to secular which turned out to be harder than expected because of the position of the church. The church was a symbol of the nation and a savior of the people and the communist party understood that this would be a process of tra
Cannabis is the most common illegal drug in Sweden today. It is used by millions of people all over the world and has been used for thousands of years. The purpose with this essay is to try to understand why people smoke cannabis. To be able to answer the main questions, five persons who smoke cannabis regularly have been interviewed. Information has also been obtained from prior research in the s
The main aim of this thesis is to investigate the implications and dynamics behind consistency between individual resource allocation decisions and corporate strategy concept. The telecom industry, a high-velocity environment going through an extensive deregulation process, is put under the magnifying glass. Japanese telecom giant NTT Group is compared to its German counterpart Deutsche Telekom. P
The purpose of this study is to examine the optimal hedge ratio for the currency exposure of foreign investments. The optimal hedge ratio is determined after evaluating our portfolios from the three perspectives; ex-ante, ex-post and profit/loss. The ex-ante perspective is examined by the usage of historical simulation to calculate VaR on 11 portfolio pairs. Each pair consists of a portfolio with
Intravenous infusions of 750 and 1000 ml 2.2% sodium citrate were given over a 60 min period to 17 pigs to study its effect on aortic pressure, electrocardiogram, ionised calcium, and citrate clearance. In group 1 (seven pigs) the animals did not receive calcium and the median survival time was 30 min (range 20-70 min). In groups 2 and 3 (five in each group) the pigs were treated with calcium chlo
Two reactors, initially operated at 14 and 23 +/- 1 degrees C (RA and RB, respectively), were inoculated with a bacterial consortium enriched and acclimatized to the respective temperatures over 4 months. The biofilms, formed in the reactors, were studied using scanning electron microscopy, cultivation of the biofilm microflora, and physiological analysis of the isolates. Two bacteria able to mine
The ability of a nematode-trapping fungus to establish in field soil is an important characteristic when considering its use as a biological control agent. The outgrowth of the nematode-trapping fungus Arthrobotrys superba from wood was recorded by labelling the fungus with [14C]3-O-methylglucose and [32P]orthophosphoric acid and by using the soil sprinkling method. The fungus reached a distance o
How will future developments in insulation affect current construction standards? Will it help to facilitate better construction solutions and slimmed-down designs? What price is reasonable for new insulation materials and what can be achieved with some of the newest features? With today's focus on environmental protection and improving environmental standards, energy efficiency in buildings h
This thesis deals with the Environmental performance evaluation (EPE) of the Total Heating System. The main research objective was to identify all the environmental improvements made by Sydkraft after it took over the heating plant. The following research question was phrased: How can the environmental performance evaluation be performed in a systematic way in the heating system, and what environm
The effect from mechanical-biological pre-treatment (MBT) of wastes in Sweden and Germany has been studied. The organic matter and biological activities were studied and compared. Other parameters such as heavy metals and nutrients were examined and related to the organic matter. The effect of low water content on degradation was investigated and the relevant legislation in the two countries was s
The focus of this essay is Swedish bilateral development aid. With the help of organization theory I analyse the development aid strategies and policies of the 1990s, in order to examine how and why they were introduced. I investigate three different types of aid organization, namely structural adjustment programmes, political conditionality tied to aid co-operation, and equality policy as part of
The purpose of this essay was to investigate the view of what kind of role the personal assistant has in disabled people´s life and sexlife and how conceptions of a "normal" life and "to live like others" can be identified related to this. My research questions was: What does the expression "to live like others" mean to the organisations? What is the view in the organ
Recent research suggests that to help their preferred coalition win an election, voters are willing to vote for a political party other than their preferred choice. In this field, voting for smaller parties under proportional representation is an under-studied feature. A crucial factor to estimate the chances for smaller parties is polls. In this study, we analyze the influence of opinion polls on
Electrifying road transport is seen as one of the key components in decreasing the carbon footprint of the society as a whole. Recent developments in electric drivetrain and battery technology have helped to design vehicles with ranges that make them independent of public charging infrastructure during most sub-urban and commuting trips. Once long-haul trips are planned, however, these vehicles re
