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BACKGROUND Marked changes have occurred in in vitro fertilization (IVF) methodology during the past 25 years but also in characteristics of couples undergoing treatment. METHODS This study was based on 27 386 women undergoing IVF treatment from 1982 to 2006 and giving birth to 31 850 infants. Outcomes of deliveries were studied using Swedish health registers. Comparisons were made with all deliver
AIMS: Mammographic screening reduces mortality in breast cancer. It is not known if this reduction is more pronounced in certain groups. Obesity has been associated with worse survival following breast cancer diagnosis. This study investigates BMI in relation to breast cancer mortality, and if this association is affected by invitation to mammographic screening. METHODS: In 1976, a randomised mamm
Popular Abstract in Swedish SAMMANFATTNING PÅ SVENSKA (Swedish summary) Ultraljud används sedan 1970-talet rutinmässigt under graviditet. Undersökningen görs vanligen vid 17-18 graviditetsveckor och syftet med undersökningen är att datera graviditeten dvs bestämma tiden för beräknad förlossning. Man upptäcker också eventuella tvillingar vid denna undersökning. Redan tidigt visade det sig att visWe studied the prenatal detection rate of various malformations during a study period of 16 years in a population in southern Sweden consisting of 141 240 deliveries. The overall detection rate was 28.4% and the false positive diagnoses were very few. We studied the effect of prenatal diagnosis on the rate of spina bifida in southern Sweden compared with the rest of the country and could show tha
OBJECTIVE: Traditionally, the diagnosis of pleural mesothelioma is based on histological material. Minimally invasive effusion cytology specimens are an alternative that, like biopsies, require ancillary analyses. Validation of immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses on cytology, including the surrogate markers for molecular alterations BAP1 and MTAP, is of interest.METHODS: IHC for eight different mar
PURPOSE: To investigate acute and long-term changes in hormonal and inflammatory biomarkers in nonambulant children with cerebral palsy in response to dynamic standing exercise.METHODS: Fourteen children with severe cerebral palsy were recruited. Anthropometrics and body composition measures were obtained. Physical activity levels before the study were assessed using hip-worn accelerometry. All ch
Background: To examine rates of serious pneumococcal infections up to 10 years after vaccination with 7-valent conjugated pneumococcal vaccine (PCV7) in patients with arthritis compared to non-vaccinated arthritis patients.Methods: In total, 595 adult arthritis patients (rheumatoid arthritis; RA = 342, 80 % women and spondylarthropathy; SpA = 253, 45 % women) received one dose of PCV7. Mean age/di
Aim A key component of library management is meeting the needs of our users. This requires continuous analysis of user experience followed by library development. The aim of this study was to better understand the use and effect of general user surveys (GUS) and other methods of gathering user input for quality assessment and improvement of library activities. Methods Data collection was done via
Light scattering by zooplankton was investigated as a major factor undermining transparency camouflage in these pelagic animals. Zooplankton of differing transparencies – including the hyperiid amphipod Anchylomera blossevillei, an unknown gammarid amphipod species, the brine shrimp Artemia salina, the euphausiid shrimp Euphausia diomedeae, the isopod Gnathia sp., the copepods Pontella karachiensi
Purpose: To test various ways of combining creatinine and cystatin C in equations to predict glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Material and methods: Performance of the following expressions to predict GFR was compared with measured GFR (iohexol clearance, mL/min/1.73 m(2)) in 857 patients: (i) Lund-Malmo creatinine equation, (ii) Grubb cystatin C equation, (iii) arithmetic mean of (1) and (2), (iv
This paper analyses the nature and scale of transaction costs (TCs) borne by obliged parties under a "Tradable White Certificate" (TWC) scheme. Taking the first phase of the Energy Efficiency Commitment (EECl) in Great Britain as a case study, several sources of TCs were considered, such as search for information, persuasion of customers, negotiation with business partners, and measurement and ver
Objective: To investigate the potential of acetic acid supplementation as a means of lowering the glycaemic index (GI) of a bread meal, and to evaluate the possible dose - response effect on postprandial glycaemia, insulinaemia and satiety. Subjects and setting: In all, 12 healthy volunteers participated and the tests were performed at Applied Nutrition and Food Chemistry, Lund University, Sweden.
Temperature is an important factor regulating microbial activity and shaping the soil microbial community. Little is known, however, on how temperature affects the most important groups of the soil microorganisms, the bacteria and the fungi, in situ. We have therefore measured the instantaneous total activity (respiration rate), bacterial activity (growth rate as thymidine incorporation rate) and
Aims. The present study was conducted to determine the optical extinction curve for Cerro Paranal under typical clear-sky observing conditions, with the purpose of providing the community with a function to be used to correct the observed spectra, with an accuracy of 0.01 mag airmass(-1). Additionally, this work was meant to analyze the variability of the various components, to derive the main atm
X-ray and neutron reflection studies, the latter in conjunction with contrast variation, have been combined to study the interaction of calf thymus DNA (ctDNA) with monolayers of distearoylphosphatidylcholine (DSPC) in the presence of 20 mM Ca2+ ions, at the air–liquid interface as a function of surface pressure (10, 20, 30 and 40 mN m−1). Analysis of the X-ray and neutron reflection data showed t
OBJECTIVE. Severe (PiZZ) alpha(1)-antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency is a risk factor for liver disease, i.e. juvenile cirrhosis in infancy, and cirrhosis and hepatoma in adulthood. Little is known about the risk of liver disease in individuals with moderate (PiSZ) AAT deficiency. To investigate the natural course of AAT deficiency, a cohort of PiZZ and PiSZ individuals identified by the Swedish Nationa
The single Trp of human cystatin C, Trp-106, is located in the second hairpin loop of the proteinase binding surface. Substitution of this residue by Gly markedly altered the spectroscopic changes accompanying papain binding and reduced the affinity for papain, actinidin, and cathepsins B and H by 300-900-fold. The decrease in affinity indicated that the side chain of Trp-106 contributes a similar
Background and purpose: Angiosarcoma (AS), a rare and highly malignant tumour, can manifest spontaneously (primary AS, pAS) or secondary to previous radiation, exposure to chemical agents or Stewart-Treves syndrome (secondary AS, sAS). The aim of this study was to characterise the clinical presentation, management, treatment and outcome—including local recurrence, metastasis and overall survival—a
Objective: Primary care is the base in many health care systems, and to identify the most registered diagnoses in primary care is a way to identify the overall health care use and needs in society. We estimated the rates of the 30 most common diagnoses in primary health care and their male to female ratio. Research design and methods: This was a study including inhabitants 18 years and older out o
