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Den tilltalades tidigare brottslighet kan i svensk rätt påverka påföljdsbestämningen för ny brottslighet, dvs. straffmätning och påföljdsval, på främst tre sätt. I första hand kan den tidigare brottsligheten beaktas genom ett skärpt påföljdsval. I andra hand har rätten möjlighet att förklara villkorligt medgiven frihet förverkad. I sista hand finns det genom straffskärpning möjlighet att förlänga
Introduction: The forest industry might not be the first thing to come to mind when thinking of chemistry, but the analysis of cooking chemicals in wood pulping involves many laboratory methods. Background: The chemical recovery cycle is an integral part of the Kraft process, which makes laboratory analyses of different steps of the process necessary. In the recovery boiler, sulfur is reduced to
The exemptions in the public interest in Article 132 of the VAT directive constitute independent concepts of Community law whose purpose is to avoid divergences in the application of the VAT system from one Member State to another. In deciding whether a good or service is exempt the case law of the CJEU has established two main principles, the principle of fiscal neutrality and the principle of st
Purpose - The purpose of this research is to investigate how the business network develops, when habitual entrepreneurs enter into a different industry context. How these entrepreneurs expand their existing networks, and how they build new networks, when entering new industry context. Design - Qualitative analysis. Findings are primarily based on semi-structured interviews with ten habitual entr
This thesis investigates the role of the Human Resource (HR) departments in the success or failure of the Merger or Acquisition (M&A) process. Through M&As, companies aim to gain strategic advantages by obtaining another company’s core competences, buying their biggest competitor or building a stronger organization by merging with another. In contrast of the high quantity of M&As condu
På senare tid har en särskild typ av företag, vars affärsverksamhet går ut på att hyra bostadslägenheter för att vidareupplåta dem till företag som behöver personalbostäder, vuxit fram på hyresmarknaden i Sverige. Detta fenomen är vanligast i storstadsregionerna, företagen brukar kallas för mellanhandsföretag och bostäderna som hyrs ut för företagsbostäder. En av reglerna som aktualiseras vid dennIn recent years, a new category of business has emerged within the Swedish rental housing market, operating by leasing residential flats and subsequently subletting them to companies in need of staff accommodation. This phenomenon is most prevalent in metropolitan areas. Such businesses are usually referred to as intermediary companies, and the flats as corporate apartments. One of the legal provi
I juli 2023 tillsatte regeringen en utredning i syfte att genomföra en övergri- pande översyn av straffskalorna samt lägga fram förslag till ett reformerat och mer rättvist påföljdssystem. Regeringen framhåller i direktivet att straffsyste- met bör uttrycka en tydligare klandervärdering av brottsliga gärningar för att undvika att brottsoffer upplever rättsprocessen som ytterligare en kränkning. DeIn July 2023, the Swedish government appointed an inquiry with the purpose of conducting a comprehensive review of the penalty scales and presenting proposals for a reformed and fairer penalty system. The government empha- sizes in the directive that the penal system should express a clearer condem- nation of the blameworthiness of criminal acts in order to avoid that victims experience the legal
This thesis has two aims: The main purpose is to describe and illustrate how a large Ltd. company can use voluntary redundancy as a tool for restructuring. The additional purpose is to challenge the concept of voluntary redundancy trough outlining alternative ways of reaching the intended achievements of the voluntary redundancy programme. The theoretical framework that has been used primarily con
Preclinical data suggest that chronic stress may cause cellular damage and mitochondrial dysfunction, potentially leading to the release of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) into the bloodstream. Major depressive disorder has been associated with an increased amount of mtDNA in leukocytes from saliva samples and blood; however, no previous studies have measured plasma levels of free-circulating mtDNA in a
Introduction: Both decreased levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis dysregulation may be involved in the pathophysiology of suicidal behaviour, as well as cognitive symptoms of depression. Pre-clinical and clinical studies have shown interactions between HPA-axis activity and BDNF, but this has not been studied in a clinical cohort of suici
Populations of Dactylorhiza incarnata (early marsh orchids) with spotted leaves appear in widely separate parts of Europe including Scandinavia and the Baltic area, The Alps, and Britain and Ireland. Forms with spotted leaves have often been segregated as a separate subspecies, D. incarnata subsp. cruenta. Although previous studies have indicated that the taxon is heterogeneous, it is not known hoPopulations of Dactylorhiza incarnata (early marsh orchids) with spotted leaves appear in widely separate parts of Europe including Scandinavia and the Baltic area, the Alps, and Britain and Ireland. Forms with spotted leaves have often been segregated as a separate subspecies, D. incarnata subsp. cruenta. Although previous studies have indicated that the taxon is heterogeneous, it is not known ho
Context. In the era of massive spectroscopy surveys, automated stellar parameter pipelines and their validation are extremely important for an efficient scientific exploitation of the spectra. Aims. We undertake a critical and comprehensive comparison of the radial velocities and the main stellar atmosphere parameters for stars in common between the latest data releases from the Apache Point Obser
33. Brorson H. Fettsugning kombinerad med livslång kompression. In: Nationella riktlinjer för bröstcancer. Vetenskapligt underlag. Stockholm: Socialstyrelsen; 2014. p. 238-239. [National Guidelines for Breast Cancer Treatment, The Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare 2014]
Popular Abstract in Swedish Syftet med denna avhandling är att analysera och förklara den institutionella förändringen vad gäller läkemedelsförsäljning i Sverige. Avhandlingens bidrag är studier av denna specifika institutionella utveckling där nyinstitutionell ekonomisk teori har använts för att undersöka drivkrafterna. Avhandlingen består av tre artiklar. Syftet med den första artikeln är att beThe aim of this thesis is to analyze and to explain the institutional change in the provision of pharmaceuticals in Sweden. The thesis’ contribution is studies of this specific institutional development. New Institutional Economic theory is used to scrutinize the driving forces of this development. The thesis consist of three papers. The purpose of the first paper is to discuss and to analyze the
Popular AbstractDen nya världsordningen som Castells kallar för nätverksamhälle skapar en konflikt mellan globalisering och identitet. I detta avseende blir frågan om identitet och etniska gränser, i Barths mening, ett centralt tema för att förstå samhällsförändringar. Globaliseringsprocessen håller på att skapa en försvagning av det civila samhället och med detta försvagas också förhållandena melThe new world order, that Castells denominates network society, generates a conflict between the globalisation and identity. In this sense the questions of identity and ethnic boundaries,in Barth’s meaning, emerge as a central subject to understanding societal changes. Globalisation is causing a weakening of the civil society, the relationship between the nation state and the people is also debili
Car developers use digital human modeling tools to analyze and visualize car interiors in relation to human characteristics before the vehicles are actually constructed. Developers, reviewers and users of human simulation tools often claim that such tools can reduce development time and costs. In car industry companies today, human simulation tools are used by a single or a few experts in an infor
This dissertation deals with analog techniques at both the architecture and circuit design levels for designing power efficient linear radio-frequency (RF) transmitters. The use of nonlinear analog integrated circuits to implement certain critical signal processing functions for the multiplicative feedback and LINC techniques is investigated with the aim of improving the system performance in term
Popular Abstract in Swedish Istället för fred gav det kalla krigets slut upphov till nya säkerhetspolitiska utmaningar i form av inomstatliga konflikter. Under perioden 1989-2000 utkämpades 111 väpnade konflikter runt om i världen varav de flesta kan karakteriseras som inomstatliga, såsom inbördeskriget i Somalia, det våldsamma sammanbrottet i Jugoslavien, och folkmordet i Rwanda. Trots att både hThis study is concerned with tracing the process of how conflict prevention is moving from the realm of ideas to the field of action. Why is it that, despite historical as well as recent evidence of the infeasibility to prevent wars, the idea of conflict prevention has resurfaced to meet the challenge of the new wars of the post-Cold War era? The study investigates whether the growing interest in
Popular Abstract in Swedish Vill man ta en bild av något som rör sig mycket snabbt, krävs det att man använder en kort exponeringstid. Om kamerans slutare är öppen under för lång tid, hinner det man vill fotografera röra sig under tiden filmen exponeras, med resultatet att bilden blir suddig. Kemiska reaktioner där atomer och molekyler är inblandade är exempel på något som sker på väldigt kort tidWhen a low-frequency laser pulse is focused to a high intensity in a gas, the electric field of the laser may become comparable to, or even exceed, the electric field between the electrons and the nucleus in the atom. Under such conditions, through a process known as high-order harmonic generation, bursts of extreme ultraviolet radiation may be emitted, with durations in the attosecond domain (1 a
