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PURPOSE: The dissertation addresses the choice of mode of transport, and the selection process, for local travel to regional rail service, with special emphasis on the significance of the bicycle. APPROACH TO THE PROBLEM AND METHODOLOGY: Choice of mode can be viewed as a 2-stage selection process in which different alternatives are rejected at different points in time. First there is a sorting amo
The paper explores parental perception of social dangers in the urban environment as a constraint for children to walk and cycle. Group discussions with 37 Swedish and 35 English parents of 7 to 12 year old children revealed that social dangers related to strangers, criminality and drugs concerned parents in both countries. These concerns also influenced travel mode choices for their children’s jo
Measurements of the stopping forces for C-14, N-14 and O-16 ions in Ge and Au, for N-14 and F-19 ions in Ag, as well as for F-19 ions in Au have been made, respectively. A novel technique, reported recently, using PIN diodes coated directly with the stopping medium in a polka dot pattern was used. This provided a set of precise, self-consistent measurements on the same stopping medium. Results sho
By combining suitable water preconcentration techniques and Particle-Induced X-ray Emission analysis (PIXE), we have developed a procedure for multielemental sub-ppb water analysis. The preconcentration step consists of adsorbing the metals in the form of organic chelates onto activated carbon, which is pressed to a tablet and then analysed by PIXE. For very low concentrations and small volumes of
The predictive value of distal blood pressure measurements for the level of amputation was studied prospectively in 161 consecutive diabetic patients with foot ulcers. The patients were treated as outpatients except for periods of surgery and when complications requiring hospital care occurred. All patients were treated pre- and postoperatively by the same multidisciplinary foot care team. Either
Two-dimensional electrophoresis and modern image analysis systems have made it possible to study protein expression and regulation of proteins in biological systems. Proteins in the molecular mass region of 20-120 kDa are well investigated and described. However, proteins with masses below 20 kDa are the least investigated as they are rarely seen on 2D-PAGE due to fast migrations in the electric f
Planar gamma-scintigraphy is often used to quantify pulmonary deposition patterns from aerosol inhalers. The results are quite different from those obtained using 3-dimensional PET and SPECT. The purpose of this study was to characterize the effects of scatter and tissue attenuation on the distribution of radiolabeled aerosol as measured by planar scintigraphy using Monte Carlo simulations. This s
Background: There are at least three broad conceptual models for the impact of the social environment on adult disease: the critical period, social mobility, and cumulative life course models. Several studies have shown an association between each of these models and mortality. However, few studies have investigated the importance of the different models within the same setting and none has been p
Let ζ(t), η(t) be continuously differentiable Gaussian processes with mean zero, unit variance, and common covariance function r(t), and such that ζ(t) and η(t) are independent for all t, and consider the movements of a particle with time-varying coordinates (ζ(t), η(t)). The time and location of the exists of the particle across a circle with radius u defines a point process in R3 with its points
Return sludge from two Swedish and two Danish wastewater treatment plants were hydrolysed in laboratory reactors. Treatment plants with/without pre-sedimentation and with/without nitrification were represented. Soluble organic matter was produced from all types of sludge, but the yield was to a large extent dependent on what type of sludge was hydrolysed. Activated sludge from wastewater treatment
Purpose: To examine the influence of different doses of gadolinium contrast agent on synovial enhancement, to compare magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of synovial hypertrophy and radiographic joint changes in hemophiliacs, and to investigate the value of gadolinium in MRI assessment of synovial hypertrophy in hemophiliacs using dynamic MRI and MRI scoring. Material and Methods: Twenty-one
Galectin-8 has two different carbohydrate recognition domains (CRDs), the N-terminal Gal-8N and the C-terminal Gal-8C linked by a peptide, and has various effects on cell adhesion and signaling. To understand the mechanism for these effects further, we compared the binding activities of galectin-8 in solution with its binding and activation of cells. We used glycan array analysis to broaden the sp
The optical efficiency of concentrating solar thermal and photovoltaic systems with cylindrical geometries is asymmetrical about the optical axis. Biaxial models, based on projected incidence angles, are often used to estimate the annual performance of asymmetric concentrators. However, the use of projected angles tends to underestimate optical losses in the cover glass. In this work, a biaxial mo
Three issues are considered in this report —are assimilation and coarticulation the same process or different, are they achieved by feature spreading or by coproduction, and what level or levels of neuromotor planning or production do they represent? Tongue gestures analysed from an X-ray motion film of Bulgarian speech are presented as examples of what the tongue is made to do in speech and of ho
Denna rapport är ett försök att skissera en bild av hur människors uppfattningar och föreställningar om ekonomiska transaktioner via Internet skapas, vidmakthålles och förändras, samt hur dessa kan sättas i samband med den massmediala diskursen i ämnet. Rapporten är i första hand en litteraturstudie. Men den innehåller också exempel och tolkningar från tre parintervjuer där paren har skiftande erf
Hur naturgas bildas är ännu ej definitivt klarlagt. Den etablerade och allmänt accepterade uppfattningen är att de största gasfyndigheterna bildades under samma tidsperiod och på ungefär samma sätt som oljan – d.v.s. genom förkolning av djur- och växtorganismer för 300-400 miljoner år sedan. Det finns dock naturgas som inte är äldre än 100-150 miljoner år, t.ex. den danska Nordsjögasen. Under sena
Mate preferences are abundant throughout the animal kingdom with female preferences receiving the most empirical and theoretical attention. Although recent work has acknowledged the existence of male mate preferences, whether they have evolved and are maintained as a direct result of selection on males or indirectly as a genetically correlated response to selection for female choice remains an ope
Mobility in public environments is an important part of people's everyday life. However, living with functional limitations often means limited mobility. To plan for public environments that enable mobility for everybody, knowledge about various user groups' mobility is important. Up until now, knowledge concerning the mobility of people with cognitive functional limitations has been scarce. The a
The effect of event background fluctuations on charged particle jet reconstruction in Pb-Pb collisions at root s(NN) = 2.76 TeV has been measured with the ALICE experiment. The main sources of non-statistical fluctuations are characterized based purely on experimental data with an unbiased method, as well as by using single high p(t) particles and simulated jets embedded into real Pb-Pb events and
