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Many time-series smoothing methods can be used for reducing noise and extracting plant phenological parameters from remotely-sensed data, but there is still no conclusive evidence in favor of one method over others. Here we use moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) derived normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) to investigate five smoothing methods: Savitzky-Golay fitting (S

Jordan population have increased 3 million in the last five years. 1.5Million are refugees from Syria. 800 thousand are inside refugeecamps in the northern part of Jordan. 100 thousand are situated inZaatari camp which is located 10 kilometres east of Mafraq city. Thisenormous influx increased solid waste volume generated by 480 tonsdaily. The additional waste generation has exacerbated pre-existi

Accurate train delay prediction is vital for effective railway traffic planning and management as well as for providing satisfactory passenger service quality. Despite significant advances in data-driven train delay predictions, it lacks of a systematic review of studies and unified modelling development framework. The paper reviews existing studies with an explicit focus on synthesizing a structu

Very few countries have managed to decouple economic growth from greenhouse gas emissions in absolute terms and where this was achieved at rates too slow to meet the climate targets of the Paris agreement. To do so, technological solutions would need to be combined with sufficiency-oriented policies in a post growth context. Contributing to such a policy strategy, this paper explores the potential

Vertical ground heat exchangers (GHEs) used with ground source heat pump systems have been constructed in a variety of configurations including single U-tubes, double U-tubes, quadruple U-tubes, and coaxial-type. Selections of vertical GHE other than single U-tubes are often motivated by a desire to decrease the borehole thermal resistance and therefore reduce the required amount of drilling and/o

In spatially heterogeneous environments, coexistence between competing species can be facilitated by spatially mediated tradeoffs. In this paper we develop a mechanistic model to investigate under which circumstances interspecific differences in the tradeoff between foraging efficiency and travel costs can allow two central place foraging species to coexist in spite of considerable overlap in reso

Terrestrial carbon (C) cycling in high Arctic tundra depends on ecosystem responses toclimatic warming and concurrent changes in environmental conditions. There are very few studies toquantify long-term C budget in high Arctic tundra due to lack of sufficient measurements. Here based onwell-established multiyear measurements, we calibrated a process-oriented model (CoupModel) to quantifyvarious com

Purpose: Global megatrends such as urbanization and ageing of the population result in fast-paced demographic changes, which pose different types of challenges for different regions. While many rural municipalities bear the burden of under-used buildings, cities are in a hurry to develop new ones to meet new space demands. The purpose of this paper is to assess the potential of relocatable modular

We present a modelling framework to simulate probabilistic futures of global cropland areas that are conditional on the SSP (shared socio-economic pathway) scenarios. Simulations are based on the Parsimonious Land Use Model (PLUM) linked with the global dynamic vegetation model LPJ-GUESS (Lund-Potsdam-Jena General Ecosystem Simulator) using socio-economic data from the SSPs and climate data from t

Background/Aims Self-rated health before, during and after pregnancy is important for women s quality of life and promotes bonding between mother and child. However, diverse aspects of care models influence women s experiences during pregnancy. This study aimed to investigate low?risk women s self-rated health during the perinatal period in relation to different models of care in Sweden. Methods A

The objective of this paper is to perform an empirical description and analysis of the duration of EU imports from the rest of the world. Toward this aim, we employ a rich data set of detailed imports to individual EU15 countries from 140 non-EU exporters, covering the period 1962-2006. Using these data, we both perform a thorough descriptive analysis of the duration of EU trade, and test the data

Background: There is very little research on the parent's experiences of having a child admitted to a paediatric intensive care unit. Identifying and describing ‘such experiences’ could facilitate better parental support from the paediatric intensive care team and help the parents manage a stressful situation. Aims: This study aimed to describe parents' experiences of having their child admitted t

The social services treatment and assessment play a major role in family law, and something that affects this is notions of parenthood. The purpose of this study was therefore to examine social workers descriptions of parenthood with a main focus on how they portray female and male caregivers. Five social workers from both small and large cities in Sweden, who work with child care investigations,

Background: Health care reforms introducing patient choice have been gaining popularity during the last decades and several countries have implemented patient choice. The underlying principle of patient choice is anchored in the concept of the well-informed patient, an individual that knows what he or she is choosing between. Several information sources, related to choice of caregiver and treatmen

Genom EU-domstolens banbrytande avgörande i UsedSoft 2012 bekräftades att konsumtion av spridningsrätten kan ske till digitala kopior av datorprogram, förutsatt att kraven för en ”första försäljning” enligt artikel 4.2 dator-programdirektivet uppfylls. Domen innebar slutpunkten för den vedertagna uppfattningen att spridning av digitala verk ska klassificeras som tjänster, för vilka konsumtionsprinIn 2012, the CJEU confirmed in the landmark UsedSoft case, that the right of distribution right in regards to digital copies of computer program can be exhausted, provided that the requirements for a “first sale” according to Article 4.2 of the Software Directive is met. The ruling put an end to a previous ion that the distribution of digital copies of copyrighted works is considered as a service

Det är inget ovanligt med inkomstöverföringar mellan företag i en internationell företagsgrupp, d.v.s. att medel som inte utgör en marknadsmässig ersättning för en motprestation överförs mellan företag i intressegemenskap. Motiven för detta kan vara att minska inkomstskatten i ett högskatteland genom att överföra vinster till ett mer skatteförmånligt land, eller att minska den totala skattebelastnThis thesis aims to analyze the elements of transfer pricing with emphasis on the peculiarities that the nature of intellectual property involve and the difficulties that enterprises may face when implementing transfer pricing. The concept of transfer pricing relates to the system of assessing the price for the transfer of goods, services and intangibles between member entities of a multinational

Gender-based violence survivors have barriers to access to justice around the globe. However, States are responsible for removing those barriers and ensuring that everyone can access needed services and justice without discrimination regardless of their gender, sexual orientation, race, nationality, disability, or age. Turkey is no exception with its international commitments and domestic laws to

I Sverige, liksom i många andra delar av Europa, finns en romantiserande bild av ungdomsgäng. Genom medias rapporteringar får vi ibland ta del av olika berättelser om ungdomar som sysslar med brott och ställer till med trubbel ute i förorterna. Dessutom har vi alla någon gång sett amerikanska filmer som både glamouriserar gänglivet och framställer det ur ett mycket dystert ljus. Ungdomar i gäng In Sweden, as in many other parts of Europe, we have a romanticized notion of youth gangs. Through media reports, we sometimes come to hear different stories of youths who engage in criminal activity and cause trouble out in the suburbs. Moreover, we have all seen American movies that glamourize gang life as well as present it from a very gloomy light. Youths who are involved in gangs evoke a ce

En stor andel av alla brottslingar som kommer i kontakt med den svenska kriminalvården lider av något slags missbruk. Kriminaliteten har ofta ett samband med missbruket och personen kan exempelvis ha begått brottet under någon slags påverkan eller i syfte att anskaffa sig droger. Såväl samhället som den dömde har ett stort intresse av att behandla ett eventuellt missbruk inom ramen för ett fängelsA large percentage of all the criminals who come in contact with the Swedish correctional system suffer from some kind of substance abuse. The criminality is often related to the abuse and the person may have committed such offense under some kind of influence or to obtain the substance. Both society at large and the offender may have a strong interest in the treatment of abuse in connection with

Introduction The company produces different kinds of hearing protection aids, varying from simple plugs to advanced hearing-muffs with built-in electronics. At the department where this thesiswork was executed, hearing-muffs with electronics are produced. The company wishes to analyse the production-costs for some of the products by using an activity-based costing, (ABC). The ABC is expected to re