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PURPOSE: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by airflow limitation which is not fully reversible. Despite the heterogeneity of COPD, its diagnosis and staging is currently based solely on forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV(1)). FEV(1) does not explain the underlying pathophysiology of airflow limitation. The relationship between FEV(1), symptoms and emphysema extent is
In Drosophila, the Bicoid protein servers as paradigm as the first identified morphogen, whose concentration gradient provides the initial positional information in the anterior half of the embryo. There, it differentially activates segmentation genes, in particular the gap genes. Insofar, there are two mainly prevailing models to explain how the Bicoid protein concentration gradient forms: 1) the
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a fatal disease that is characterized by a rapid expansion of myeloid leukemic blasts with impaired differentiation that accumulate in the bone marrow. The prognosis for AML is generally poor, with a five-year overall survival of around 20% in patients over 60 years old. Current AML treatment strategies, including chemotherapy and hemapoietic stem cell trasplantatio
Modern district heating systems, a carbon lean technology, involves dual usage of the energy due to the possibility to redistribute heat derived from numerous sources, such as industrial processes, refuse incineration, geothermal sources and combined heat and power plants. Such heat source flexibility facilitates the optimal usage of energy resources by varying the amount of purchased heat dependi
Popular Abstract in Swedish Affärsklimatet för dagens energimarknad har varit händelserik de senaste två decennierna med introduktaion av den avreglerade elmarknaden och den ökade vikten av miljöfrågor vid design och inköp av energirelaterade anläggningar. Detta har bidragit med krav om nya analyskriterier, vilka inte bara påverkar den tekniska utformningen av komponenter och system, utan även tilThe business climate of the energy market has been eventful over the last two decades, particularly with the introduction of the deregulated electricity market and promotion of environmental issues. This has subsequently lead to new analysis criteria, influencing both technology requirements and production costs. To be able to manage all the questions that have arisen from this the knowledge of th
A new palaeoenvironmental record of the post-glacial history of the southern Baltic Sea (~14 ka to present) is presented. During this period, large water level and salinity changes occurred in the Baltic Basin due to opening and closing of connections to the North Atlantic. Previous attempts to establish a detailed chronology for these palaeoenvironmental changes have been conducted mainly in coas
Popular Abstract in Swedish Tillväxthormon (GH) insöndras stötvis från hypofysen. Insöndringen är som högst nattetid, och de högsta nivåerna ses under puberteten för att därefter avta succecivt med ökande ålder. En av de vanligaste orsakerna till brist på GH är godartade tumörer i hypofys och hypofysnära områden där även behandling med kirurgi och strålbehandling kan bidra till hypofysinsufficiensIn childhood onset growth hormone deficiency (GHD) a reduction in cardiac left ventricular mass (LVMi) and impairment of cardiac systolic function, as well as in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) has been shown. In study I, we showed that a low dose of GH treatment for 10 months resulted in increased LVMi and kidney size. No significant improvement in cardiac systolic function or GFR, except for a
Background: Chronic pain is common in older adults, yet little is known of its development in old age. Although fear-avoidance beliefs in chronic pain have been explored in younger adults, the relationship between chronic pain, kinesiophobia and physical activity levels has not been investigated in older adults.Objectives: The overall aim was to explore prevalence, development and related factors
Background. Anaemia in haemodialysis patients can be effectively treated with erythropoietin. We investigated whether subcutaneous (SC) epoetin β administered once weekly was as effective as the same weekly dosage given in two to three divided doses. Methods. One hundred and fifty-eight patients (delivered Kt/V >1.0, where K=dialyser-renal urea clearance, t=dialysis time and V=filtration volume, o
If an accident or attack involving radiological or nuclear material were to happen, people from the general public would be at risk of exposure to ionising radiation. Unlike people working with ionising radiation, for whom level of exposure to radiation is constantly monitored with dosemeters, people from the general population do not wear dosemeters; thus, the dose estimations for these individua
BACKGROUND: Widespread musculoskeletal pain (WSP) and obesity frequently co-occur and may have shared risk factors. We aimed to investigate whether four dichotomized risk factors individually or jointly increase the risk for the onset of WSP and onset of obesity.METHODS: Persons aged 34-76 years in 2004 living in Ullensaker municipality, Norway, responded to questionnaires in 2004 and 2010 (n = 15
Time-resolved particle emissions from a conventional wood stove were investigated with aerosol mass spectrometry to provide links between combustion conditions, emission factors, mixing state of refractory black carbon and implications for organic tracer methods. The addition of a new batch of fuel results in low temperature pyrolysis as the fuel heats up, resulting in strong, short-lived, variabl
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Corticosteroids alone or in conjunction with azathioprine (AZA) is the standard treatment in autoimmune hepatitis (AiH). Individual variations in thiopurine (TP) metabolism may affect both drug efficacy and toxicity. Our aim was to investigate the utility of thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) as well as thioguanine nucleotide (TGN) and methylthioinosine monophosphate (meTIM
BACKGROUND: Patients with elevated intracranial pressure risk compromising their cerebral blood flow, resulting in ischemia. Lowering of the raised intracranial pressure, is therefore, mandatory. Reduction of the cerebral blood volume (CBV) might be target. In finding ways to do so, one has to be able to measure CBV. Measurement of CBV is, however, difficult. Radio(99mTc-)labeled erythrocytes (99m
Popular Abstract in English The aim of this thesis is to investigate the evolution of new technology-based firms (NTBFs) based on solid empirical material for the Swedish economy. The focus on this thesis is exploring the role of acquisition by incumbent firms in the evolution of NTBFs. The findings of this thesis show that selection is a core feature in the evolution of NTBFs. NTBFs experience a The aim of this thesis is to explore the evolution of new technology-based firms (NTBFs) based on solid empirical material for the Swedish economy. NTBFs are argued to be one important type of entrepreneurial firms that contribute to technology change, knowledge spillovers, and economic growth. However, our knowledge concerning how NTBFs exert their technological and economic influences is far fro
Electricity must be produced at the same time as it is used. This necessitates flexibility in the electricity production and electricity networks. Until recently, the increase in electricity demand and peak power demand has been met by expansion of the electricity production. Today, due to the deregulation of the electricity market, the production capacity is decreasing. Therefore, there is a nati
Alla fastigheter är unika, framförallt i avseendet att de inte är flyttbara och att de investeringar som görs är bestående. Trots de unika karaktärsdrag som följer med en fastighet sker de flesta värderingar med schabloniserade marknadsantaganden baserat på typ av fastighet, läge och värdeår. Följden blir att fastigheter med hållbara och miljövänliga lösningar värderas på samma sätt, och med likarAll real estates are unique, especially based on the fact that they are non-moveable and investments are long lasting. Despite the unique traits of character, most of the valuations are made using average market data, based upon the type of property, the location and the year of value. The consequence of using market standards is that properties with sustainable and environmentally friendly soluti
Huvudregeln är att anställningar ska gälla tillsvidare, detta enligt både EU-domstolens praxis och svensk rätt. I svensk rätt regleras detta i 4 § LAS. Tidsbegränsade anställningar får dock träffas för de fall som anges i 5-6 §§ LAS. Dessa regler är dispositiva och det är möjligt att göra avsteg från LAS genom specialförfattningar eller kollektivavtal. Görs detta har specialförfattning eller kolleThe main principle is that employment shall last until further notice, this is stated both by the European Court of Justice practice and Swedish law. In Swedish labor law this is regulated in the 4 § of the Employment Protection act. Fixed-term contracts can be entered into by the examples that are listed in 5-6 §§ of the Employment Protection act. These rules are dispositive rules and it’s possib
