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Environmental manipulation experiments showed that species respond individualistically to each environmental-change variable. The greatest responses of plants were generally to nutrient, particularly nitrogen, addition. Summer warming experiments showed that woody plant responses were dominant and that mosses and lichens became less abundant. Responses to warming were controlled by moisture availa
The influence of temperature, salts, pH, and various pre-treatments and cleaning on the nanofiltration (NF) performance of thin-film polyamide (PA) composite membranes has been investigated. The change in membrane performance was correlated to membrane swelling or/and electroviscous friction. Aspects of costs and energy demand while using NF at elevated temperatures were also evaluated. The increa
The use of enzymes in nonaqueous media has considerably expanded their potential areas of application. Limitations however arise that are inherent to the low conformational flexibility of enzymes in dry organic media. Enzyme activity is often unfavorably low due to kinetic barriers. Enzyme behavior, with respect to heat and long-term inactivation, may deviate from their behavior in aqueous media.
Today’s debate about the EC and its future can be grouped along two main lines. On the one side are those who hold that the EC is a grouping of sovereign states for the purposes of international cooperation. On the other side are those who maintain that the EC is a new political society that unites the citizens of Europe in a new political and legal community where the question of the sovereignty
This dissertation investigates the labour migration from Southern Europe to Sweden, and the changes in Swedish immigration policy between 1960 and 1972. The overall ambition is to bring both the state and employers into the analysis of immigration policy and the recruitment of foreign labour - not separately but together in one study. The dissertation is divided into two main parts. The first part
The emittances of the electron beams at the MAX-laboratory accelerator system have been studied. Apart from the build-up of the diagnostic tools for precise determination of the beam spatial profiles, the objectives have been: a) to verify the accelerator design emittances at low currents and to try to determine the emittances also at high currents; b) to investigate possibilities to manipulate th
The cholesterol-lowering effects of oats have led to an increasing interest in them on the food market. Liquid oats has emerged as a new way of consuming oats and has become a commercial product. To produce liquid oats, steam-heated dehulled oat groats are subjected to flaking, wet-milling, enzyme hydrolysis, decanting, formulation, and ultra-high-temperature (UHT) treatment, the resulting beverag
Popular Abstract in Swedish Elektrocochleografi (ECoG) är en metod som mäter de elektriska signaler som uppstår i innerörat när örat stimuleras med ljud. Signalerna uppstår i snäckans sinnesceller, de så kallade hårcellerna, och i nervcellerna som utgår från snäckan. Snäckan är det organ som omvandlar ljudets mekaniska energi till elektriska signaler i hörselnerven. Hörselnerven förmedlar signalerElectrocochleography (ECoG) is an objective method to evaluate cochlear electrophysiology. The recordings are considered to reflect the mechano-electric processes of the cochlea, and can indicate the presence of suspected endolymphatic hydrops. The aim of the present thesis was to investigate the value of transtympanic (TT) ECoG in the clinical diagnosis and management of Menière´s disease. The tr
Popular Abstract in Swedish Denna avhandling behandlar modellsystem för farmaka som har DNA och RNA som mål i cellen. Framförallt behandlar den hur strukturen hos DNA och RNA påverkas av inbindning av olika substanser, samt hur fort denna inbindning sker. Tre olika typer av farmaka behandlas: 1. Platinaföreningar som länge använts som cytostatika, 2. RNA interferens som främst har utvecklats undDrugs targeting nucleic acids were studied in DNA and RNA model systems. The effects were investigated with respect to structural and thermodynamic influence, kinetics, and biological function. The drugs employed in this thesis were anticancer active platinum(II) complexes, polyamine derivatives, and siRNA. Structural changes were determined by use of chemical probing and circular dichroism (CD),
Popular Abstract in Swedish Vid internationell handel med varor utgår olika skatter och avgifter; dessutom kan varorna vara föremål för import- och exportbegränsningar. Genom frihandelsavtal kan dock bestämmas att vissa varor får importeras och exporteras tullfritt. De bestämmelser som således gäller för olika varor sammanfattas för skilda varuslag i tulltaxan. Varuklassificeringen har därför storIn international commerce, various taxes and charges are levied on commodities; besides, goods may be subject to import and export restrictions. However, free-trade agreements may stipulate that some goods can be imported and exported free of charge. The regulations pertaining to different types of merchandise are reflected in the customs tariff of a state or customs union. The application of many
Individual energy turnover rates can vary remarkably, even within a species. In this thesis I study the causes and consequences of this pronounced variation and show that individual energy turnover rates can be affected by a large number of factors. I here show that both the early conditions during the incubation period and prenatal levels of the hormone testosterone can have consequences on indiv
Popular Abstract in Swedish Alla levande organismer har DNA, och eftersom DNA är livsnödvändigt måste det repareras om det blir skadat. Ultraviolett (UV) strålning från solen är en av de vanligaste orsakerna till att DNA skadas. De flesta skador på DNA som orsakas av UV-strålning utgörs av cyklobutan-pyrimidindimerer (CPD) eller (6-4)-fotoprodukter. Dessa skador består av två intilliggande baser sAll living organisms have DNA and since DNA is essential to life it must be repaired when damaged. UV radiation is one of the major DNA damaging agents, which photosynthetic organisms cannot avoid. The major UV-induced DNA lesions are cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and (6-4) photoproducts (6-4PPs) and the main repair pathways of theses lesions involve photolyases and various excision repair
Summary This report presents results from the project ”Converting direct resistive electric heating into district heating - customer related aspects” conducted at the division of Efficient Energy Systems, Department of Energy Sciences, Lund University. The main objective of this study was to investigate how specific households within one housing area (Sandsbro in Växjö with 110 one-family houses)
Plant ecologists have placed increasing emphasis on a functional understanding of vegetation. One way to gain insight into the assemblage of vegetation communities is to investigate plant trait responses to environmental gradients or experimental treatments. We present simulations of responses of suites of traits to treatments differing in soil resources and disturbance intensity, in order to cons
Popular Abstract in Swedish Flertal studier talar för att såväl vaskulär demens som demens av Alzheimers typ är relaterade till blodtrycksnivå tidigare under livet. En studie har visat att redan blodtrycket vid 50- årsåldern är relaterat till kognitiva (intellektuella) funktioner vid 70-års ålder. En annan studie har visat att hypertoni i 70-årsåldern föregår utveckling av demens i ålder 80-85 år."Men born 1914" is a population based cohort study of the epidemiology of cardiovascular disease. Five hundred men, born 1914, were examined at the age of 68 and 185 of them were re-examined at 81 years of age. Examination included a medical and a psychological investigation, ultrasonographic measurement of carotid arteries, 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, regional cerebral blood flo
Popular Abstract in Swedish Hårdvara och algoritmer för ett inbyggt videoövervakningssystem presenteras i denna avhandling. För att verifiera systemet så har en prototyp byggts.The demands on video surveillance systems are rapidly increasing regarding parameters such as frame rate and resolution. Furthermore, with an ever increasing number of video streams, an automated process for extracting relevant information is required. Due to the large amount of input data and the computational complexity of the algorithms, software implementations are not sufficient to sustain re
The Upper Paraná River Basin (UPRB) has undergone extensive Land Use and Cover Changes (LUCC) in thelatest decades, due to rapid population growth and economic development. Furthermore, variation in precipitationpatterns was observed across the basin mainly after the 1970s Climate shift. Concurrently, the UPRB has presentedsignificant changes in its hydrology. In this context, this thesis investig
The optimal time interval from neoadjuvant therapy to surgery in the treatment of esophageal cancer is not known. The aim of this study was to investigate if a prolonged interval between completed neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and surgery was associated with improved histological response rates and survival in a population-based national register cohort. The population-based cohort study included
