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In spite of its immune privileged state, xenotransplantation within the CNS is associated with rapid graft destruction in immunocompetent hosts. Efforts to enhance graft survival have mostly focused on host immune response, whereas relatively little attention has been paid to donor tissue characteristics. In the present paper, we explore long-term survival of xenogeneic full-thickness neuroretinal
Background Pulmonary vein (PV) potentials are invariably recordable at the PV ostia in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and delayed conduction around the PV ostia may play a role in the initiation and maintenance of AF. Aims To investigate the presence and extent of PV potentials in patients with and without AF. Methods and results Circumferential catheter recordings at the PV ostia were obt
Background: Several countries are discussing new legislation on the ban of smoking in public places, and on the acceptable levels of traffic-related air pollutants. It is therefore useful to estimate the burden of disease associated with indoor and outdoor air pollution. Methods: We have estimated exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) and to air pollution in never smokers and ex-smokers in
In the Tunisian semiarid area, water erosion processes have led to negative economic and environmental consequences in a context of limited water resources. To characterize and predict these degradation phenomena, a comprehensive high-resolution data base on erosive rainfall, together with siltation records for 28 small reservoirs were analyzed. The studied small reservoir network displays a gener
Global climate projections forecast more frequent, intense and longer heat waves in the decades ahead. Heat waves are considered the most dangerous extreme weather event for human health, with impacts most pronounced in cities because of the urban heat island effect. Heat-related mortality rates are highest in certain at-risk populations, like the elderly. Toronto, Canada’s largest city, faces two
Grooming är en systematisk process, som för det första kränker barn och för det andra möjliggör att barn kan utsättas för fysiska övergrepp. Barn blir lurade särskilt av gärningsmän då de inte har samma skyddsmekanismer och riskmedvetande som en vuxen person. Kommunikationsteknologins framväxt under 2000-talet har utökat möjligheterna för vuxna som vill ta kontakt med barn i sexuellt syfte. År 200Grooming is a systematic process, which firstly violates children, and secondly enables children to be subjected to physical forms of abuse. Children are deceived especially as they lack the same psychological safety mechanisms and risk awareness as that of an adult. The growth of communications technology during the 21st century has increased the possibilities for adults that seek contact with ch
Skönhetsingrepp kan leda till skador eller missnöje med det estetiska resultatet. Det har länge funnits kritik mot att skönhetsbranschen saknar ett anpassat och tydligt regelverk. Syftet med uppsatsen är därmed att utifrån en rättsanalytisk metod undersöka och problematisera möjligheten till ansvarsutkrävande vid felaktiga skönhetsingrepp som har genomförts i Sverige. Min första frågeställning b
I samband med den nya samtyckeslagstiftningen uppstod diskussioner kring åklagarens bevisbörda. Syftet med uppsatsen är att klargöra om bevisbördan påverkats av den nya lagstiftningen. Straffbestämmelsen om våldtäkt i sin nya lydelse innebär att gränsen mellan en straffri och straffbar gärning går vid om deltagandet i den sexuella handlingen är frivilligt. Ett frivilligt deltagande ska ha kommit tIn connection with the new Swedish consent legislation, discussions arose around the prosecutor's burden of proof. The purpose of this paper is to clarify whether the burden of proof is affected by the new legislation. The punishment clause on rape in its new wording means that the boundary between a non-punishable and a criminal act goes on if participation in the sexual act is voluntary. Vol
Culinary herbs are fragrant plants that are used to enhance the flavour of dishes. They are highly perishable food products susceptible to microbial spoilage. One technique widely used to extend their shelf life is drying. However, during this process, aromatic compounds are lost and changes in colour and texture occur. This thesis investigates the effect of tissue impregnation with hypertonic sol
Krita-paleogen-gränsen har länge varit central i diskussioner mellan forskare runt om i världen, då den markerar/sammanfaller med utdöendet av 75% av jordens arter till följd av ett enormt asteriodnedslag på Chicxulúbhalvön i Mexiko. Gränsintervallet är vida utbrett i sedimentära lagerföljder som bildades under denna tid, och kan identifieras genom sina unika kemiska egenskaper och karakteristiskaThe Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary has long been a center of discussion amongst scientists as it marks the extinction of 75% of all species on Earth. This mass extinction event was probably caused by an enormous asteroid impact event in what is now Mexico. The boundary interval is easily identified in the sedimentary geological record because of its unique chemical properties as well as its charact
This study is based on the reflections that society's activities have a negative impact on the climate and that there are planetary boundaries that need to be taken into account if ecological sustainability will have a chance to be achieved. Today the Swedish housing sector is quite resource intensive and contribute to about 20 percent of the Swedish emissions of carbon dioxide, which is about
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified more than 50,000 SNP-trait associations. Most of these SNPs or genetic variants map to noncoding regions, known as or gene desserts. This makes it challenging to describe the mechanism by which the variant confers susceptibility to the trait. Increasingly, there is an interest in characterization and interpretation of the effect of non-coding
En växande världsbefolkning, politiska regleringar och en strävan att öka andelen energi från förnyelsebara källor har resulterat i att intresset för vindkraftsverk ökat. Winfoor AB utvecklar `Triblade’, en ny teknologi för vindkraftsverksblad som ämnar öka effekten samtidigt som bladen kan göras lättare, billigare och enklare att transportera än dagens vindkrafsverksblad.A globally growing population, an increased energy consumption and growing environmental awareness have made the interest for renewable energy sources, such as wind power, higher. As a result of the increased demand the need for new and improved technologies have increased. The energy production of a wind turbine is highly affected by the rotor blade length, which is limited by the massive dead lo
I Sverige finns ett grundlagsstadgat skydd mot påtvingade kroppsliga ingrepp som omfattar i princip alla ingrepp som görs i hälso- och sjukvård. Det innebär att all hälso- och sjukvård måste ges med patientens samtycke eller med stöd i tvångslagstiftning. I dagsläget finns ingen möjlighet att ge vård till en patient som saknar kapacitet att lämna ett giltigt samtycke om inte tvångslagstiftningen äThe Swedish constitution provides a general protection against enforced interventions. This includes practically all interventions in healthcare. The result is that all medical interventions must be supported by the patient's consent or by law. Swedish law provides no solution if a patient lacks the mental capacity to give consent for an intervention and the laws regarding involuntary treatmen
Inclusion in the digital society can lead to improved communication and access to information which increases informed decision making and productivity for individuals and businesses. In turn, this has a positive effect on the socio-economic development of a country. Worldwide, more women than men lack the knowledge of, and access to, Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) such as comput
Uppsatsen behandlar frågan om det i svensk rätt finns ett humanitärt undantag från straffbarheten vid människosmuggling och organiserande av människosmuggling. Att något sådant undantag skulle finnas stöds inte av bestämmelsernas ordalydelse men däremot av vissa uttalanden i förarbeten och praxis. Det sägs på flera ställen i både förarbeten och praxis att den inte är straffbart att av endast ideelIn this thesis it is investigated if there, in the Swedish legislation, is a humanitarian exception concerning punishability in human smuggling and organization of human smuggling. That such an exception exists is not supported by the letter of the law but of certain statements in the preparatory work and the case law. It is said in both preparatory work and the case law that it is not punishable
Malawi är ett land i södra Afrika och betraktas som ett av de fattigaste länderna i världen. Befolkningen lever framför allt på landsbygden och är helt beroende av jordbruk för att överleva. Det finns dock inga register och ingen säkerställd rättighet över marken de brukar. Användandet av geografiska informationssystem, GIS, ökar runt om i världen. Hos ett jordbrukskooperativ i Malawi, NASFAM, fiMalawi is a country in southern Africa and considered to be one of the poorest countries in the world. The main part of the population lives in rural areas and is completely depending on farming for their livelihood. There are, however, no records of land registration or tenure for the smallholder farmer. The use of geographical information systems, GIS, is increasing around the world. At a small
Matchfixning är ett är problem som hotar att rubba fotbollens integritet fundamentalt. Fotbollens värdegrund är och ska alltid vara kännetecknat av tävling på lika villkor vilket ska locka fram det bästa av utövarna. Matchfixning riskerar att omkullkasta den här värdegrunden. Vadhållningsrelaterad matchfixning innebär att en idrottslig aktör medvetet underpresterar i en tävling, i enlighet med en Match fixing is an issue that threatens to fundamentally distort the integrity of football. The basic principles and common values of football are, and should always be, characterized by competition on equal terms, designed to bring the players to perform at their absolute top. Match fixing puts this core value at risk of being toppled over. Match fixing related to betting implies that an athlete
Den 25 maj 2018 antogs direktiv (EU) 2018/822 om ändring av direktiv 2011/16/EU vad gäller obligatoriskt utbyte av upplysningar i fråga om beskattning som rör rapporteringspliktiga arrangemang (DAC 6). Direktivet är ett led i EU:s samarbete på skatteområdet och är till stor del inspirerat av OECD:s arbete mot aggressiv skatteplanering. Direktivet syftar till att stävja aggressiv skatteplanering i On May 25, 2018, Council Directive (EU) 2018/882 amending Directive 2011/16/EU as regards mandatory automatic exchange of information in the field of taxation in relation till reportable cross-border arrangements (DAC 6) was adopted. The directive is part of the EU’s administrative cooperation in the field of taxation and is largely inspired by the OECD’s work against aggressive tax planning. The
Gendered violence against woman and children has been in existence and predominant in various societies for a long period of time with its intensity varying from one factor to the other. Many nations around the world including Ghana in West Africa have measures and directives to mitigate of the persistent social menace and possibly eradicate it towards sustainable welfare and development for indiv
