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One of the major causes of dwell time delays is the behaviour of passengers during the alighting and boarding processes, such as an uneven spread of boarding passengers and queues formed in front of the doors. Therefore, changing the behaviour of passengers so that it does not negatively affect the time needed for alighting and boarding is one of the ways to reduce the risk of dwell time delays. P

Background: The optimal timing of oral anticoagulation for prevention of early ischaemic stroke recurrence in people with acute ischaemic stroke and atrial fibrillation remains uncertain. We aimed to estimate the effects of starting a direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) early (≤4 days) versus later (≥5 days) after onset of ischaemic stroke. Methods: For this systematic review and meta-analysis we sea

The fourth enzymatic reaction in the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, the oxidation of dihydroorotate to orotate, is catalyzed by dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH). Enzymes belonging to the DHODH Class II are membrane-bound proteins that use ubiquinones as their electron acceptors. We have designed this study to understand the interaction of an N-terminally truncated human DHODH (HsΔ29DHODH) an

This work aims at clarifying the fundamental mechanisms of non-equilibrium alternating current gliding arc discharge (GAD) by investigating effects of gas compositions and pressures on the GAD characteristics with electrical and optical methods. Interestingly, the glow-to-spark transition was found by adding O2 or CH4 into the argon or modulating the power supply. This transition occurs attributed

Background and purpose - Intramedullary nails (IMN) have become increasingly common as treatment for trochanteric hip fractures (THF) although they are costlier, and without proven superiority compared with sliding hip screws (SHS). We investigated whether the 2 methods differ in terms of short-term mortality when used in fractures where both methods are suitable. Patients and methods - We extract

Given a sensor network, TDOA self-calibration aims at simultaneously estimating the positions of receivers and transmitters, and transmitters time offsets. This can be formulated as a system of polynomial equations. Due to the elevated number of unknowns and the nonlinearity of the problem, obtaining an accurate solution efficiently is nontrivial. Previous work has shown that iterative algorithms

Purpose – Competence development is a prerequisite for successfully meeting existing and future challenges in the retail sector. However, current human resource development practices are often limited in their scope and offerings. This study sets out to investigate and bring to light informal learning among retail professionals.Design/methodology/approach – This research consists of two explorator

Hybridization is increasingly recognized as an important evolutionary force. Novel genetic methods now enable us to address how the genomes of parental species are combined in hybrid lineages. However, we still do not know the relative importance of admixed proportions, genome architecture and local selection in shaping hybrid genomes. Here, we take advantage of the genetically divergent island po

Reconstitution of the tyrosyl radical in ribonucleotide reductase protein R2 requires oxidation of a diferrous site by oxygen. The reaction involves one externally supplied electron in addition to the three electrons provided by oxidation of the Tyr-122 side chain and formation of the μ-oxo- bridged diferric site. Reconstitution of R2 protein Y122F, lacking the internal pathway involving Tyr-122,

Selective degradation of mitochondria by autophagy (mitophagy) is thought to play an important role in mitochondrial quality control, but our understanding of which conditions induce mitophagy in plants is limited. Here, we developed novel reporter lines to monitor mitophagy in plants and surveyed the rate of mitophagy under a wide range of stresses and developmental conditions. Especially carbon

We investigate the role of the coupling between a spin-orbit coupled semiconductor nanowire and a conventional s-wave superconductor on the emergence of the topological superconducting phase with Majorana bound states in an applied magnetic field. We show that when the coupling is strong, the topological phase transition point is very sensitive to the size of the superconductor and in order to rea

The West Atlantic trumpetfish (Aulostomus maculatus) performs an unusual hunting strategy, termed shadowing, whereby a trumpetfish swims closely behind or next to another ‘host’ species to facilitate the capture of prey. Despite trumpetfish being observed throughout the Caribbean, observations of this behaviour appear to be concentrated to a handful of localities. Here we assess the degree of geog

Nitrogen and sulfur are key elements in the biogeochemical cycles of marine ecosystems to which benthic foraminifera contribute significantly. Yet, cell-specific assimilation of ammonium, nitrate and sulfate by these protists is poorly characterized and understood across their wide range of species-specific trophic strategies. For example, detailed knowledge about ammonium and sulfate assimilation

Abstract in French:Cette recherche s'intéresse à la mobilisation transnationale de la diaspora autour du vote externe et à l'implication des organisations diasporiques dans le processus électoral du pays d'origine. Plusieurs approches expliquent la transnationalisation politique des groupes diasporiques ; cependant, elles ne parviennent pas à clarifier (1) comment certains moments historiques (parThis research is concerned with transnational diaspora mobilisation around external voting and diaspora organisations’ involvement in the homeland electoral process. There are several approaches that explain the political transnationalisation of the diasporic groups; yet, they fail to clarify (1) how some historical moments (e.g., extending the voting right to non-resident nationals) can generate

The evolutionary biologist Julian Huxley (1887–1975) attempted to promote a “religion for the future,” which he would come to refer to as Transhumanism. Transhumanism was an attempt to unite a more traditional humanistic view of the human as containing some form of core essence or potential with an evolutionary point of view of humans as a work in progress. Before humans, natural selection had bee

ER-positive/HER2-negative (ERpHER2n) breast cancer classified as PAM50 HER2-enriched (ERpHER2n-HER2E) represents a small high-risk patient subgroup. In this study, we investigate genomic, transcriptomic, and clinical features of ERpHER2n-HER2E breast tumors using two primary ERpHER2n cohorts comprising a total of 5640 patients. We show that ERpHER2n-HER2E tumors exhibit aggressive clinical feature

Rhythmicity is a composite competence that spans perceptual, motor, and socio-cognitive abilities. This is highly salient when adopting a developmental perspective, as we do in this chapter that reviews data from humans and other singing primate taxa with a close (gibbons) or remote (indri lemurs) phylogenetic relatedness to our species. The findings we review show that rhythmicity develops as an

Renin from plasma, kidney, and recombinant sources was previously demonstrated to cleave C3 to C3a and C3b. C3a was generated at a similar rate to that by C3 convertase, and C3 cleavage was inhibited by the renin inhibitor aliskiren. Renin endogenously produced by Calu6 cells also led to C3 deposition on cells. These results have been challenged by another group suggesting that recombinant renin d

Catalytic studies traditionally rely on steady-state conditions resulting in time-averaged datasets that do not differentiate between active and spectator species. This limitation can cause misinterpretations of catalytic function, as the signal of short-lived intermediates responsible for producing desired reaction products is often masked by more intense spectator species. Time-resolved ambient