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Popular Abstract in Swedish Hos djur är det vanligt att hannarna slåss om att få para sig med honorna, medan honorna är mer kräsna i sitt val av partner. Är det möjligt att växter gör på samma sätt? I min avhandling har jag visat hur pollen tävlar om att få befrukta de honliga fröämnena i pistillen hos styvmorsvioler (Viola tricolor). Det ligger även i honans intresse att välja en partner som prodAccording to the theory of sexual selection, traits can evolve because they confer a mating advantage in competition with members from the same sex. In animals, sexual selection is considered as an important evolutionary force. In this thesis I have investigated the potential for sexual selection in plants. I have concentrated on the phase of reproduction that occurs after pollinators have deposit

Aims. To investigate the astrometric effects of stellar surface structures as a practical limitation to ultra-high-precision astrometry (e.g. in the context of exoplanet searches) and to quantify the expected effects in different regions of the HR-diagram. Methods. Stellar surface structures (spots, plages, granulation, non-radial oscillations) are likely to produce fluctuations in the integrated

Context: Intermittent androgen deprivation (IAD) in prostate cancer (PCa) patients has been proposed to delay development of castration resistance and to reduce the side effects and costs of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Objective: This review analyzes (1) the oncologic and quality of life (QoL) results from randomized phase 3 trials comparing IAD and continuous ADT and (2) the prognostic pa

Changes in the seasonal timing of life history events are documented effects of climate change. We used a general model to study how dispersal and competitive interactions affect eco-evolutionary responses to changes in the temporal distribution of resources over the season. Specifically, we modeled adaptation of the timing of reproduction and population dynamic responses in two competing populati

Intraneuronal inclusions containing alpha-synuclein (a-syn) constitute one of the pathological hallmarks of Parkinson's disease (PD) and are accompanied by severe neurodegeneration of A9 dopaminergic neurons located in the substantia nigra. Although to a lesser extent, A10 dopaminergic neurons are also affected. Neurodegeneration of other neuronal populations, such as the cholinergic, serotonergic

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a widely used tool for studying brain function in vivo. The technique is based on acquiring brain images sensitive to the physiological response following neural activation, and hence, allows brain activity to be examined and documented. In this thesis, methods for fMRI mapping of the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) are optimised and subsequent

Popular Abstract in Swedish Barn ar ofta bärare av luftvägsbakterien pneumokocker i de övre luftvägarna och det är barnen som anses vara den största reservoaren för bakterien i vårt samhälle. Vanliga pneumokockinfektioner såsom öron-, bihåle- eller lunginflammation föregås av att man bär på bakterien. De flesta barn som är bärare blir dock inte sjuka. Vuxna är mer sällan bärare av bakterien. PneuThe paediatric nasopharyngeal flora is regarded as the largest reservoir for Streptococcus pneumoniae, and the carrier state is always antecedent to infection and a prerequisite for dispersion of these bacteria. Pneumococci are the predominant aetiology of bacterial respiratory tract infections and a major cause of morbidity and mortality, in the most severe cases due to invasive pneumococcal dise

Asteroids and Kuiper belt objects are remnant planetesimals from the epoch of planet formation. The first stage of planet formation is the accumulation of dust and ice grains into mm-cm-sized pebbles. These pebbles can clump together through the streaming instability and form gravitationally bound pebble `clouds'. Pebbles inside such a cloud will undergo mutual collisions, dissipating energy into

Popular Abstract in Swedish Det är en utmaning att behandla patienter med allvarliga infektioner eftersom immunförsvaret reagerar olika på olika mikroorganismer. Immunförsvarets reaktion har i sin tur en stor betydelse för symtombild, kliniska fynd och prognos. Vid blodförgiftning (sepsis) förändras dessutom sannolikt immunsvaret under det kliniska förloppet. Man tror att det inledningsvis vid sep

Background: The effect of the macronutrient composition of the usual diet on long term weight maintenance remains controversial. Methods: 373,803 subjects aged 25-70 years were recruited in 10 European countries (1992-2000) in the PANACEA project of the EPIC cohort. Diet was assessed at baseline using country-specific validated questionnaires and weight and height were measured at baseline and sel

Background: Asthma guidelines emphasize both maintaining current control and reducing future risk, but the relationship between these 2 targets is not well understood. Objective: This retrospective analysis of 5 budesonide/formoterol maintenance and reliever therapy (Symbicort SMART Turbuhaler*) studies assessed the relationship between asthma control questionnaire (ACQ-5) and Global Initiative fo

The complex network of neuronal cells in the retina makes it a potential target of neuronal toxicity - a risk factor for visual loss. With growing use of nanoparticles (NPs) in commercial and medical applications, including ophthalmology, there is a need for reliable models for early prediction of NP toxicity in the eye and retina. Metal NPs, such as gold and silver, gain much of attention in the

Background Susceptibility to parasite infection affects fitness-related processes, such as mate choice and survival, yet its genetic regulation remains poorly understood. Interleukin-4 (IL4) plays a central role in the humoral immune defence against nematode parasite infections, inducing IgE switch and regulation of worm expulsion from the intestines. The evolutionary and functional significance

Given the increasing interest in the association between exposure to air pollution and adverse health outcomes, the development of models that provide accurate spatio-temporal predictions of air pollution concentrations at small spatial scales is of great importance when assessing potential health effects of air pollution. The methodology presented here has been developed as part of the Multi-Ethn

Popular Abstract in Swedish Hur upplever och ser personer med blödarsjuka eller sockersjuka sig själva och närstående andra. I den första delen av denna avhandling studeras 27 patienter, 16 till 39 år gamla, med blödarsjuka. Av primärt intresse var från början frågan hur sjukdomen kunde tänkas påverka deras känsloliv och i synnerhet deras syn på sig själva och betydelsefulla medmänniskor. DärutöveThe Affects Towards And Perceptions Of The Self And Significant Others in Hemophiliacs and Diabetics The studies in this dissertation investigated the feelings towards and ways of perceiving the self and significant others in twenty-seven patients with hemophilia between the ages of 16-39 to discern how their perceptual-affect states are organized. Secondly, the relationship between bleeds and aff

Popular Abstract in Swedish Prostatacancer är en mycket vanlig form av cancer, och det har visats att cirka hälften av alla män över 70 år har tumör i prostata. Prostatacancer är ofta en latent form av cancer, vilket innebär att den sällan ger kliniska symtom förrän i ett framskridet stadium. Sedan PSA testet började användas på 90-talet har antalet diagnostiserade fall av prostatacancer blivit alProstate cancer is currently the most common form of cancer in Sweden. Currently, the only biomarker used in the clinic is serum PSA, and there is a great need for new biomarkers that may increase the diagnostic and prognostic information so that better predictions can be made, and treatment may be tailored. Here, we have investigated two proposed biomarkers microseminoprotein-β (MSMB) and cystein

Popular Abstract in Swedish Denna avhandling är resultatet av ett doktorandprojekt vid Kvartärgeologiska avdelningen, Lunds Universitet. Syftet med undersökningen var att rekonstruera vegetations-, klimat- och havsnivåförändringar på Skagi-halvön, norra Island, under sen-Weichsel och tidig-Holocen. Nordatlantområdet genomgick en serie dramatiska klimatväxlingar i samband med övergången från den sSediment sequences from five lakes on the Skagi peninsula, northern Iceland, were subjected to mineral magnetic analysis, carbon analysis, pollen analysis, plant macrofossil analysis, diatom analysis, radiocarbon dating and tephra analysis in order to make detailed reconstructions of vegetation, climate and sea level during the Late Weichselian and Early Holocene. The main purpose was to investiga

In northern Sweden, plants growing in association with the clonal dwarf shrub Empetrum hermaphroditum usually exhibit limited growth and are N-depleted. Previous studies suggest that this negative effect by E. hermaphroditum may be explained, at least in part, by the release of phenolic compounds, particularly the dihydrostilbene, batatasin-III from foliage to soil. In the present work, we investi

Popular Abstract in Swedish Magsårsbakterien H. pylori binder till och förändrar magens slemhinna Bakterierna är i majoritet i kroppen! Människans 10 biljoner celler lever i harmoni med 100 biljoner bakterier som har koloniserat någon av kroppens ekologiska nischer utan att göra skada. Av alla bakterier kroppen möter utgör bara en bråkdel något hot, och trots att kroppen möter sjukdomsalstrande bHelicobacter pylori may cause gastritis, gastric/duodenal ulcer and gastric cancer. During infection, most H. pylori are found in the gastric mucus layer, but some are attached to, or have penetrated, epithelial cells. The aim of this study is to characterize the binding of H. pylori to gastric mucins and to investigate host changes that occur after inoculation. Results: H. pylori binds to mucins

Popular Abstract in Swedish Modellering och krav för automation av gradningsprocessAn increasing number of robots have been used for the finishing of castings during recent years. This is mainly due to developments to overcome problems that restricted their use during the past decade. The major difficulties have been the need to control reaction forces during metal removing by grinding operations and the lack of tools designed specially for robots. The elimination of these two p