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Summary: Frailty reflects an accelerated health decline. Frailty is a consequence of fracture and contributes to fracture. Greater frailty was associated with higher fracture risk. Frail women were at immediate risk (within 24 months) of a hip or major fracture. Fracture prevention could be improved by considering frailty status. Introduction: Frailty encompasses the functional decline in multiple
In-cycle closed-loop combustion control has been proved to reduce cycle-to-cycle variations on emissions and indicated thermal efficiency. In this paper, the in-cycle closed-loop combustion con-trollability achieved by a pilot-main fuel injection scheme is investigated. The controllability is studied by means of the maximum reachable indicated thermal efficiency (MRE). A combustion model is used f
We conduct Metropolis Monte Carlo simulations on models of dilute colloidal dispersions, where the particles interact via isotropic potentials of mean force (PMFs) that display a long-ranged repulsion, combined with a short-ranged and narrow attraction. Such systems are known to form anisotropic clusters. There are two main conclusions from this work. First, we demonstrate that the width of the at
To better predict the timely variation of algal blooms and other vital factors for safer drinking water production, a new AI scanning–focusing process was investigated for improving the simulation and prediction of algae counts. With a feedforward neural network (FNN) as a base, nerve cell numbers in the hidden layer and the permutation and combination of factors, etc., were fully scanned to selec
The small body of research on writing and writing processes in the group of deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) children has shown that this group struggles more with writing than their hearing peers. This article aims to explore in what ways the DHH group differs from their peers regarding the written product and the writing processes. Participants are all in the age span 10–12 years old and include:
Popular Abstract in Swedish Nanoteknik och nanotrådar omnämns ofta media idag, men vad är egentligen en nanotråd, och vad kan den användas till? Dagens datorer, lysdioder och solceller är till stor del beroende av halvledare. En halvledare är ett kristallint material där man enkelt kan ändra ledningsförmågan. Man kan dels bestämma ledningsförmågan när materialet tillverkas genom att tillföra ytter
Popular Abstract in Swedish Stamceller är unika celler som har möjlighet att både förnya sig själva och ge upphov till en mängd mogna celler. Den ultimata stamcellen är det befruktade ägget, som är den cell som efter omfattande celldelning kommer att ge upphov till alla vävnader och celler i den färdigutvecklade kroppen. Dessa celler kallas därför pluripotenta. Även i den färdigutvecklade kroppen Hematopoiesis is the process of blood formation that originates with the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC), a cell type that is responsible for the life-long supply of mature blood cells. HSCs are defined by their ability to self-renew as well as giving rise to differentiated cells of all blood lineages. Because of these features, HSCs are also the basis for bone marrow transplantation regimens for tr
Sediment sequences spanning the last 800 years from two small lakes in the south Swedish uplands were explored for assessment of effects of changing human population, local land-use practices and airborne pollution on lake-ecosystem functioning and resilience. Variations in nutrient cycling and deposition of lithogenic elements were studied, using a multi-proxy stratigraphic approach. Carbon and n
Autoimmune diseases are diseases where the immune system attacks the body itself. They are commonly complex diseases with no clear aetiology, a fact that complicates treatment and the study of these diseases. This thesis focuses on the rare group of autoimmune diseases ANCA associated vasculitides (AAV) that are characterized by the presence of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) direct
A design study of a horizontal neutron reflectometer adapted to the general baseline of the long pulse European Spallation Source (ESS) is presented. The instrument layout comprises advanced solutions for the neutron guide, high-resolution pulse shaping and beam bending onto a sample surface being thoroughly adjusted to the properties of the ESS. The length of this instrument is roughly 55 m, enab
Wnt-5a protein expression in primary tumors from unselected breast cancer patients has revealed a tumor suppressive function of the protein. However, in vitro experiments on human breast cancer cells have reported contradictory results, indicating both a tumor suppressive and promoting functions of Wnt-5a. This could be due to various functions of Wnt-5a in different subgroups of patients. The uns
Popular Abstract in Swedish Ledgångsreumatism är en kronisk autoimmun sjukdom, som framföra allt angriper lederna, och orsakar smärta, stelhet och svullnad. Sjukdomens svårighetsgrad kan variera kraftigt och ett vanligt sätt att värdera svårighetsgraden av sjukdomen är att mäta antikroppar (till exempel reumatoid faktor) i blodet. De som har antikroppar har oftast en svårare sjukdom än de som inteRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is 4-6 times more common in women than men during the fertile years. For women, the incidence peaks shortly after menopause, and for men the risk is greater with higher age, when androgen levels drops. Sex hormones have been suggested to play a part in the pathogenesis, since low testosterone levels have been noted in men with RA and pregnancy has an ameliorating effect o
Popular Abstract in Swedish Många forskningsprojekt inom materialvetenskap, medicin eller grundläggande fysik kräver smala strålar av laddade partiklar som fungerar som provtagare för att undersöka materiens egenskaper. Dessa partiklar kan vara protoner, elektroner lättare joner. Relativt ofta, behöver de accelereras nästan upp till ljusets hastighet för att kunna tränga in tillräckligt djupt i prLaser-driven particle acceleration makes use of sub-picosecond, pulsed, high-power laser systems, capable of producing intensities ~10^{19} W/cm^2 at the laser focus to form plasmas, and use ultra-relativistic and nonlinear dynamics to produce quasistatic acceleration fields. This allows electrons to be accelerated to ~100 MeV over sub-centimetre distances, while protons may be accelerated to the
Invasive infections remains one of the leading causes of death due to infections over the world, and efficient treatment remains elusive. One of the major causes of sepsis and other invasive infections is pathogenic streptococci that cause a wide range of clinical manifestations in humans. Group A and group G streptococci have both been shown to cause both infections of milder ranges as well as se
Background: Changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks significantly influence the atmospheric C concentration. Agricultural management practices that increase SOC stocks thus may have profound effects on climate mitigation. Additional benefits include higher soil fertility since increased SOC stocks improve the physical and biological properties of the soil. Intensification of agriculture and la
Power supply systems play a very important role in everyday life applications. There are mainly two ways of producing energy for low power generation: electrochemical batteries and small engines. In the last few years, many improvements have been carried out in order to obtain lighter batteries with longer durations but unfortunately the energy density of 1 MJ/kg seems to be an asymptotic value. A
Grooming är en systematisk process, som för det första kränker barn och för det andra möjliggör att barn kan utsättas för fysiska övergrepp. Barn blir lurade särskilt av gärningsmän då de inte har samma skyddsmekanismer och riskmedvetande som en vuxen person. Kommunikationsteknologins framväxt under 2000-talet har utökat möjligheterna för vuxna som vill ta kontakt med barn i sexuellt syfte. År 200Grooming is a systematic process, which firstly violates children, and secondly enables children to be subjected to physical forms of abuse. Children are deceived especially as they lack the same psychological safety mechanisms and risk awareness as that of an adult. The growth of communications technology during the 21st century has increased the possibilities for adults that seek contact with ch
It is very common that business transactions, in particular internationally, are made through agents. It is therefore interesting and clearly relevant to be aware of the diversities in the agency laws of different countries. The major differences between the Swedish agency law on the one hand and the English and American on the other hand are encountered when focusing on how authority can be estab
