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This thesis compares Auto Regressive Moving Average (ARMA) and Generalized Auto Regressive Conditional Heteroscedacity (GARCH) models for three metal commodities. ARMA models have an unconditionally non-random and constant variance, which typically serves well in effectively representing homoscedastic data. The GARCH models feature variable variance that is non-random when conditioning on the past

A company is developing a new product for transporting temperature-sensitive liquids long distances. The new device will have an active cooling unit with very precise temperature regulation. This will increase the transportation time compared to conventional methods. This report will only concern the structural parts of the product, since development of the temperature control system has been done

Införandet av en så kallad samtyckeslag har varit kraftigt omdebatterat i över två decenniers tid. Den 1 juli 2018 infördes en våldtäktsbestämmelse som baseras på frivillighet. I och med detta utvidgades våldtäktsbestämmelsen på så sätt att det inte längre fordras tvång eller utnyttjande av en särskilt utsatt situation för att straffansvar ska aktualiseras. Syftet med den nya våldtäktsbe-stämmelseThe adoption of a so-called consent-based rape law has been heavily debated for over two decades. On July 1st, 2018 a rape clause based on voluntarism was introduced. As a result, the rape regulation was extended in such a way that it no longer requires force, or exploitation of a particular vulnerable situa-tion, for criminal liability to occur. The purpose of the new rape regulation is to protec

This research investigates the contribution of local currencies to sustainability. I look at a specific local currency scheme (the Bristol Pound, in Bristol, United Kingdom) through a transitions perspective, employing a Transitions Evaluation Framework, Multi-Level and Multi-Phase Perspectives to conduct my analysis. I use a qualitative triangulation approach to collect data, namely semi-structur

Det cirkulära Skåne – Ett regionalt perspektiv på hinder och möjligheter för att främja cirkulär företagsamhet En av de största utmaningarna för att minska vår negativa klimatpåverkan är att skapa hållbar konsumtion. Hade alla konsumerat på samma sätt som vi gör i Sverige skulle fler än fyra jordklot behövas – och det är tydligt att vår konsumtion innebär ett ohållbart förbrukande av jordens resuOver the past decade, the transition to a circular economy has gained attention as a necessary step towards sustainable development. In contrast to the linear economy that is rooted in a ‘take-make-dispose’ mentality, the circular economy aims to decouple economic growth from unsustainable use of non-renewable resources by closing the material loops in the economy. While the EU recognizes that na

The genetics underlying bird migration have been the subject of several studies. Two willow warbler subspecies (Phylloscopus trochilus trochilus and Phylloscopus trochilus acredula) follow different routes during their winter migration to Africa. Their breeding territories overlap in a contact area or “migratory divide” across central Scandinavia and to the east of the Baltic sea. Previous genome-

Den svenska polisen har befogenhet och skyldighet att upprätthålla allmän ordning och säkerhet i Sverige. För att uppnå detta mål har polisen blivit tilldelad olika maktbefogenheter. Det faktum att en myndighet får i uppgift att upprätthålla allmän ordning är dock förknippat med ett antal risker. Befogenheter kan misstolkas och fördomar kan påverka den enskilde polisens handlande. I den här teorThe Swedish police have the authority and the obligation to maintain public order in the Swedish state. To fulfill this objective the Swedish police have been granted different powers and coercive techniques. The fact that a public authority is given this task is however associated with a number of risks. The law can be misinterpreted, and bias can influence the actions of the individual police of

Skatterätt är ett område som ständigt förändras och påverkas av politiska beslut. Frågan är hur stort utrymme lagstiftaren har när det kommer till att använda den skatterättsliga lagstiftningen för att uppnå politiska mål. Uppsatsen syftar därför till att utreda lagstiftarens utrymme, vilket exemplifieras genom att studera värnskatten. Framställningen kommer utgå från följande frågeställningar: Tax law is an area that is constantly changing and affected by political decisions. The question is how much scope the legislature has when it comes to using tax law to achieve political agendas. The thesis therefore aims to investigate the legislature's scope, exemplified by studying the austerity tax. The exposition will be based on the following questions: 1. What were the motives behind t

In July 2021, single-use plastics will be banned from the European market, meaning that the plastic straws used with Tetra Pak’s portion packs will no longer be permitted. Therefore, Tetra Pak develops new straws, and it is important to test their functionality, something that previously has been done with panel tests. However, Tetra Pak has requested to aid the development process by minimizing t

Foreign exchange risk management is important for multinational companies since changes in exchange rates can have significant effects on financial results. Following their extensive international operations, Thule Group is one such organization. Although the company’s treasury department can measure the exposures to exchange rates, they do not engage in statistical measurements to support hedging

Under senare år har en allt skarpare målkonflikt seglat upp mellan egendomsskyddet och miljöskyddet i svensk rätt. Egendomsskyddet har genom bland annat grundlagsstadgandet i 2 kap 15 § regeringsformen en framskjuten position. Även den svenska miljölagstiftningen, med dess möjligheter till skydd av värdefulla skogsmiljöer, är formellt sett kraftfull i sina styrmedel. Samtidigt tyder mycket på att During the last couple of years, the conflict of aims between statutory protection of property on the one hand, and of the environment on the other, has become more and more tense within Swedish law and public debate. The regulatory protection of property has been strengthened since at least the late 20th century and holds a solid, prominent position in the Swedish constitution. The Swedish envir

Language is a social act and the fact that social communities create new or change existing words that are known in daily standard language, can make the lexicon difficult to comprehend for the ones not involved. The communication that belong to a specific social group can be classified as a jargon, and in this present study we look at gaming language as an example of how social communities’ lexic

Emerging technologies have the potential to bring numerous new opportunities and solutions to the existing challenges, including addressing sustainable development goals (SDGs). Particular hopes are given to areas of the life that require our urgent action, these include but are not limited to medicine and food security. Scientists investigate how these technological advances can be applied for th

Syftet med arbetet är att undersöka i vilken utsträckning naturgrus kan ersättas av krossat bergmaterial inom väg- och anläggningsprojekt samt betongändamål inom byggsektorn. Genom att granska grus- och bergmaterialen ur ett livscykelperspektiv samt tekniskt, ekonomiskt och miljömässigt perspektiv lokalisera problemområden och utvecklingspotential. Även entreprenörers och beställares intresse för The aim of the report is to investigate the extent to which natural gravel can be replaced by crushed aggregates in road- and construction projects and for use as a substrate within concrete in the construction sector. By examining the gravel and crushed aggregates from a life cycle perspective as well as technical, economical and environmental perspective, this study aims to identify problem area

Bakgrund: Världshälsoorganisationen, WHO, deklarerade Covid-19 som en pandemi den 11 mars 2020. Viruset satte snabbt sina spår på byggbranschen och det ledde till vidtagna åtgärder. Lösningen som gick efter folkhälsomyndighetens centralt styrda restriktioner handlar framförallt om att undvika fysisk kontakt och skapa en säker och god fysisk miljö för arbetarna. För att säkerställa en god arbetsmilBackground: The World Health Organization, WHO, declared Covid-19 a pandemic on March 11, 2020. The virus quickly left its mark on the construction industry and this led to measures taken. The solution that followed the public health authority's restrictions is above all, avoiding physical contact and creating a safe environment for the employees. To ensure a functionate environment, the const

Within the next thirty years, two thirds of the human population will live in a city. This growing urban population requires a major shift in the way we produce and distribute food, since industrial agriculture practices contribute to climate change, biodiversity losses, pollution of waterways, soil degradation, etc. Urban and peri-urban agriculture and forestry (UPAF) represent one of the strateg

Porous carbon obtained from low cost and abundant biomass has gained attention as renewable material feedstock. In this study, porous carbon biochar produced through pyrolysis was investigated by Raman spectroscopy to disclose the structural properties. The measured samples were in form of pellets (identified as WP, 139, 233, 226), and lumber wood (Pine, a softwood type and Beech, a hardwood type)

Car sharing (CS) is a growing phenomenon globally but its environmental implications are not yet fully explored. While many researchers agree that it could have multiple direct environmental benefits, indirect effects like carbon emissions induced through changed consumption patterns have been poorly explored. This thesis aims to quantify and compare consumption induced carbon emissions (CCE) of C

The aim of this study was to investigate how an adaptation from an integral production system to a modular production system would affect the risk management. A literature study of different production systems has been made, to compare the integral to the modular, and to gain knowledge on how an adaption from an integral production to modular could be made. This was done in cooperation with Tetra

Adsorption of mixed polymer solutions in good solvent containing polymers of different chain length has been studied by applying simulation techniques on a coarse-grained bead-spring polymer model. Fully flexible polymers at varying bead-surface interaction strength and different combinations of flexible, semiflexible, and stiff polymers at a single bead-surface interaction strength have been exam