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Paper A investigates how to simulate a differentiated mean in cases where interchanging differentiation and expectation is not allowed. Three approaches are available, finite differences (FD's), infinitesimal perturbation analysis (IPA) and the likelihood ratio score function (LRSF) method. We study FD's under discontinuities and show that the optimal decay rate of the mean square error is typical
This study of maxillary sinus reconstruction in conjunction with insertion of endosseous implants included 99 patients. Two separate surgical methods were applied; a one-staged strategy (n=49) and a two-staged strategy (n=50). The aims were to compare two different strategies concerning implant and prosthetic construction survival. Differences in positioning and angulation of the inserted implants
Popular Abstract in Swedish Denna avhandling är resultatet av mitt doktorandarbete vid Kvartärgeologiska avdelningen, Geologiska institutionen, Lunds universitet. Avhandlingen baseras på resultaten av fältarbeten i ett antal lokaler i ett område väster om sjön Bolmen i sydvästra Sverige. Introduktion och bakgrund Weichselistidens recession från södra Sverige har diskuterats av olika geologer undeThe Late Weichselian deglaciation of an area in southwestern Sweden was reconstructed by geomorphological, sedimentological and lithostratigraphical methods. The morainic deposits were mapped and classified into three landsystems: Streamlined terrain, hummocky moraine and cover moraine. Streamlined terrain was assumed to have been formed subglacially by a wet-based ice sheet. Cover moraine was int
Popular Abstract in Swedish Homocystein är en aminosyra som bildas genom nedbrytning av aminosyran metionin, som tillförs kroppen via födan. Förhöjda blodnivåer av homocystein kan orsakas av medfödda enzymrubbningar, brist på vitaminerna folsyra och B12, och vissa sjukdomar, t ex njursvikt. Medfödd enzymbrist kan ge mycket höga blodnivåer av homocystein, vilket bland annat leder till kärlskada ochAn elevated plasma level of homocysteine has been suggested as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The objectives of this thesis were to study the influence of renal function on homocysteine levels in patients with coronary artery disease and to explore the association of elevated plasma levels of homocysteine to oxidative stress, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction. The effects of pla
Background and objective: Human studies of arterio-venous (AV) differences in drug concentrations and the consequences for pharmacokinetic modelling and concentration-effect relationships are very limited. We therefore investigated the intravenous and intra-arterial concentrations of alcohol (ethanol) during the absorption, distribution and elimination stages of alcohol metabolism in healthy men.
The thesis deals with circuit-level aspects of CMOS buffer SRAMs where the data throughput rate is a more important metric than access time or storage capacity. One aspect is the increased write cycle related power consumption that is the consequence of a high write ratio combined with a long word-length. That is addressed through the invention of a new bit-line operation mode which allows lower
Popular Abstract in Swedish Non-invasiv kartläggning och klinisk implementering av det flimrande förmakets cykellängd, samt hur dylik cykellängd kan moduleras av autonoma nervsystemet och farmakologisk intervention Bakgrund Kroniskt förmaksflimmer är den vanligaste ihållande hjärtrytmrubbningen. Cirka 100.000 individer beräknas ha kroniskt förmaksflimmer i Sverige idag. Förmaksflimmer är vanligaAim: To non-invasively detect and explore the changes in atrial fibrillatory cycle length (i.e. changes in the atrial refractory period) in humans with chronic atrial fibrillation (CAF) following autonomic modulation and pharmacological intervention. Furthermore we investigated if the value of the atrial fibrillatory cycle length could predict outcome following DC-cardioversion. Methods: The stud
Popular Abstract in Swedish Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning Öroninflammtionen är en av våra vanligaste åkommor, och den drabbar framför allt små barn. Av alla bakteriella infektioner är det den som oftast för oss till läkare. Vanligen resulterar läkarbesöket i en kur med bakteriedödande läkemedel som penicillin. P.g.a den idag höga konsumtionen av penicillin och liknande medel, är risken påtagAcute otitis media (AOM) is the most common illness diagnosed during early childhood. One of the major etiologic agents is Haemophilus influenzae. Apart from AOM, this organism can cause a broad range of infectious diseases such as meningitis, epiglottitis, arthritis, and pneumonia. Despite the importance of H.influenzae, the mechanisms by which this heterogenous group of bacteria mediates the inf
Popular Abstract in Swedish Dekompressionssjuka (DCS) är ett tillstånd som kan uppkomma när man utsätts för en hastig sänkning av omgivningstrycket. Bakgrunden till tillståndet är att vävnadslagrad gas frisätts till blodbanan och där på olika sätt kan ge upphov till symptom från lätta hudbesvär till livshotande påverkan på det centrala nervsystemet. Vid atmosfärstryck är gasinnehållet i kroppens vReductions in ambient pressure liberates gas in various tissues and can result in decompression illness. In this thesis the patophysiological implications of a blood gas interface resulting from decompression was investigated with reference to the influence on biochemical mediators of inflammation. In a series of experiments, animals and human subjects have been exposed to hyperbaric trauma of dif
An open European market for goods and services, including transport services, stimulates trade, global competitiveness and economic growth. At the same time, concerns about domestic job security, regulation compliance and the environment have sparked a debate. This report should be considered one of the first modest contributions to the mainly unexplored area of European freight deregulation. Our
The overall aim of this work was to study knee function movement pattern and knee osteoarthritis in males 14-16 years after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. In the first study, 154 male subjects with a 14-year-old ACL injury were investigated. Self-reported knee function and radiographic signs of osteoarthritis were assessed. Most of the subjects (122/154) underwent knee radiographs, 78% o
It appears to be relatively common to assume that negative apparent chargeability data in time-domain induced polarisation (IP) surveying is a sign of bad data quality. Negative IP data can however occur as a consequence of the distribution of chargeable zones in the ground, which is well documented in literature. A general mechanism behind negative IP data is proposed as follows; if the chargeabl
The Gaia space astrometry mission (to be launched in 2012) will use a continuously spinning spacecraft to construct a global system of positions, proper motions and absolute parallaxes from relative position measurements made in an astrometric focal plane. This astrometric reduction can be cast as a classical least-squares problem, and the adopted baseline method for its solution uses a simple ite
The ability to store energy is an important life history trait for organisms facing long periods without energy income, and in particular for capital breeders such as temperate zone amphibians, which rely on stored energy during reproduction. However, large scale comparative studies of energy stores in populations with different environmental constraints on energy allocation are scarce. We investi
Popular Abstract in Swedish Hjärtinfarkt och dess komplikationer är den främsta orsaken till död i västvärlden. Vid en akut hjärtinfarkt stängs blodförsörjningen till en del av hjärtat av pga en blodpropp i ett av hjärtats kranskärl. Den delen av hjärtat som försörjdes av det nu stängda kranskärlet drabbas då av brist på syre och näringsämnen och riskerar att skadas. Skadans storlek på hjärtat berINTRODUCTION: Reperfusion therapy in patients with an ongoing ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is to re-establish coronary flow in the epicardial arteries as soon as possible in order to reduce infarct size and associated complications. Hypothermia has in experimental studies been shown to reduce infarct size. Clinical trials, however, have not been able to show this effect, possibly bec
The apolipoprotein E (ApoE) epsilon 4 allele is the strongest risk factor of sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD), however, the fluid concentrations of ApoE and its different isoforms (ApoE2, ApoE3 and ApoE4) in AD patients and among APOE genotypes (APOE epsilon 2, epsilon 3, epsilon 4) remain controversial. Using a novel mass spectrometry-based method, we quantified total ApoE and specific ApoE isof
Adsorption of mixed polymer solutions in good solvent containing polymers of different chain length has been studied by applying simulation techniques on a coarse-grained bead-spring polymer model. Fully flexible polymers at varying bead-surface interaction strength and different combinations of flexible, semiflexible, and stiff polymers at a single bead-surface interaction strength have been exam
Aims/hypothesis: Children participating in longitudinal type 1 diabetes prediction studies were reported to have less severe disease at diabetes diagnosis. Our aim was to investigate children who from birth participated in the Diabetes Prediction in Skane (DiPiS) study for metabolic status at diagnosis and then continued to be followed for 2 yr of regular clinical care. Methods: Children, followed
Background Combined oral contraceptives are classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as a cause of cervical cancer. As the incidence of cervical cancer increases with age, the public-health implications of this association depend largely on the persistence of effects long after use of oral contraceptives has ceased. Information from 24 studies worldwide is pooled here to inves
