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Railways have played a significant role in the development of national identity. In the context of the European Union, I argue that it could play a similar role in supranational identity building. Currently, the European railways resemble a patchwork of incompatible standards and working practices. This thesis aims to investigate the roles efforts to harmonize this patchwork play in the cultural l

Problem -­‐‑ Promotions are the main reason for a majority of stock out situations and increases the amount of waste for perishable items, and strong competition within grocery retail has led to a significant increase in frequency and depth of promotions since the late 20th century. Lantmännen Cerealia has identified problems with low customer service levels (CSL) during promotions and lack of lon

Shabestar basin in the East Azerbaijan province, Northwest Iran, where irrigation is the main groundwater consumer, has experienced large-scale subsidence and groundwater deletion, which poses a threat to the local agricultural activities, economic development, and food security. With the emergency of mitigating the risk, satisfying future demand for groundwater, and improving resilience consideri

Abstract Host genes for resistance to pathogens and parasites have been a subject of long-term research efforts and continue to be a hot subject in biology. Many important theories have been hypothesized through the years, and they are now being complemented by new and more detailed ones leading to increased understanding of the complex dynamics between host life history strategies and the select

Sammanfattning Den kanske största miljöpolitiska utmaningen inom Europa är för närvarande frågan om hur det är möjligt att på ett effektivt och ändamålsenligt sätt uppnå miljömålen i syfte att skapa en hållbar utveckling i samhället. Trenden har gått från att tillgripa lagstiftningsåtgärder till att via marknadsbaserade styrmedel försöka involvera olika marknadsaktörer att på egen hand bli delaktSummary Potentially one of the greatest environmental policy challenges in the European Union is the question of how to efficiently and effectively achieve environmental goals through which society can correct for and obtain a level of sustainable development. The trend has gone from one of command and control legislation towards using more market-based instruments that seek to involve the differ

Malignant brain tumors constitute a disaster in the lives of patients, either in the form of extremely low survival in glioblastoma, or the serious long-term adverse effects of therapy in medulloblastoma. These two tumor types represent the most common malignant brain entities in adults and children, respectively. Ever since the early 2000’s, no major improvement of patient outcomes occurred. Immu

Introduction: Air pollution is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease, possibly through chronic systemic inflammation that promotes the progression of atherosclerosis and the risk of cardiovascular events. This study aimed to investigate the associations between air pollution and established biomarkers of inflammation and cardiovascular disease. Methods: The Cardiovascular Subcoh

Introduction. The cure rate of early stage Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) is excellent; investigating the late effects of treatment is thus important. Esophageal toxicity is a known side effect in patients receiving radiotherapy (RT) to the mediastinum, although little is known of this in HL survivors. This study investigates the dose to the esophagus in the treatment of early stage HL using different RT

This study investigates binomial consumer brand engagement (vs. advertising avoidance) in the social media context. Grounded in social exchange theory, the relationships between personalized advertising, information control, privacy concerns, advertising avoidance, and consumer brand engagement are analyzed by drawing on a survey comprising n = 429 participants. The findings reveal that personaliz

The human influence on Earth's ecosystems is omnipresent. Artificial light at night (ALAN), anthropogenic noise, and air pollution are inherent features of human activities and infrastructure and pose novel environmental challenges to urban-dwelling wildlife. So far, most of the studies investigating the impacts of exposure to urban pollutants on animals have either investigated the effects of urb

Popular Abstract in Swedish Luften vi andas innehåller inte bara gaser som kväve och det syre vi behöver för att leva. Förutom de vanligaste gaserna i atmosfären finns det så kallade spårgaser, som visserligen har väldigt låg koncentration, men som har stor betydelse genom sina speciella kemiska och fysiska egenskaper. Koldioxid och ozon är exempel på sådana gaser. Förutom ozonets kraftiga oxideraThe air around us is full of aerosol particles which originate from a myriad of sources and which have vastly different chemical and physical properties. These particles span size ranges from 1 nm to 100 μm, equivalent to a factor 100 000 in diameter difference and a factor 10^15 in volume difference. They affect our health by depositing in our airways, worsening cardiovascular deceases, and they

There is ample evidence that word order is a problematic domain in L2 usage. In particular, production of the verb-second (V2) phenomenon, which requires the finite verb in main clauses to appear in second position, (e.g., Ganuza, 2008 for an overview). Surprisingly, we know very little about how these structures are processed and how production relates to comprehension. We therefore examined how

This paper discusses the growing regional socio-economic disparity in Sweden and investigates two regions’ power relationship with the economically and politically dominant Stockholm region: one region with a negative economic trajectory and the other with a positive economic development over 25 years. The conceptual framework is based on the topography/topology nexus, using the key concepts of ‘r

The thesis comprises four independent research papers and a summary that focus on two related dimensions. The first dimension focuses on the understanding of the production of health. Particularly, the question is asked whether community's stock of social capital influence individual's health. The second dimension focuses on an attempt to understand the causes of socioeconomic health inequality (S

Net paper readers have been shown to read deeper into articles than newspaper readers. It has also been claimed that newspaper readers rather scan than read newspapers. Do these findings mean that net paper readers read proportionally more than newspaper readers? This paper presents results showing that in fact net paper readers scan more and read less than newspaper readers. We furthermore invest

The flow dynamics of a multiple jet combustor is investigated using large eddy simulation. This particular combustor geometry is designed to mix hot combustion products from a central recirculation zone into the surrounding fuel/air jets. Using proper orthogonal decomposition, a large scale rotation of the central recirculation zone around the combustor axis was identified, though the averaged flo