Filetype
Background Oral contraceptives were introduced almost 50 years ago, and over 100 million women currently use them. Oral contraceptives can reduce the risk of ovarian cancer, but the eventual public-health effects of this reduction will depend on how long the protection lasts after use ceases. We aimed to assess these effects. Methods Individual data for 23 257 women with ovarian cancer (cases) a
Abstract Lymphoedema treatment outcome can be evaluated by calculating estimated limb volumes directly by water displacement (plethysmography; PG), or indirectly by circumference measurements (CM) and using the formula for a truncated cone. This study assessed the correlation between PG and circumference volume measurements to assess whether the correlation is acceptable, and if circumference meas
Most nitrogen and phosphorus transported by world rivers to the oceans is associated with dissolved organic matter. However, organic matter as a potential source of N and P has hitherto been largely neglected in studies of coastal microbial food webs. We examined 50 rivers, draining a major part of the Baltic Sea watershed, with respect to summer concentrations, chemical composition, and biologica
Popular Abstract in Swedish Denna avhandling handlar om hur företag visar, och kan visa, miljöhänsyn vid upphandling av godstransporttjänster. Transporter är en starkt bidragande, och växande, faktor till många miljöproblem såsom den förstärkta växthuseffekten och hälsofarliga partiklar i luften. Behovet av transporter ökar ständigt till följd av exempelvis lokalisering av produktion till låglöneThe logistical activity of transport is one of the largest contributors to several environmental problems. One efficient and effective way to decrease the environmental impact from transports is to implement changes in the logistically related strategies and activities applied, such as the selection of transport suppliers. Consideration of the environmental aspect when purchasing transport servic
Dolphin sonar has been extensively studied over several decades, and much of its basic characteristics are well known (Au 1993). However, most of these studies have been based on an experimental setup where the dolphin has been trained to be voluntarily fixed, so its directional sonar beam could be recorded with fixed hydrophones. Although this allows for very exact measurements, it most likely ha
BACKGROUND: The UN's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are grounded in the global ambition of "leaving no one behind". Understanding today's gains and gaps for the health-related SDGs is essential for decision makers as they aim to improve the health of populations. As part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016), we measured 37 of the 50 health-relate
This review discusses in vivo airway aspects of plasma exudation in relation to current views on epithelial permeability and epithelial regeneration in health and disease. Microvascular-epithelial exudation of bulk plasma proteins characteristically occurs in asthmatic patients, being especially pronounced in those with severe and exacerbating asthma. Healthy human and guinea pig airways challenge
International and interdisciplinary programmes for students from diverse cultural and professional backgrounds entail many benefits—perhaps the most essential is learning how to work with people holding different perspectives. However, they also bring many challenges.How can we support students from abroad, both inside and beyond the classroom? How can we equip students from diverse backgrounds wi
Aerosol particles affect Earth’s climate system by scattering and absorbing light. The perturbation of the climate system caused by a change in aerosol configuration due to anthropogenic emissions has recently improved. However, the radiation balance and hydrological cycle of Earth are also highly influenced by clouds: a small change in cloud configuration can have a large effect on the climate. C
Training and communication are essential elements in the implementation of environmental management systems (EMS). This study is based on two main questions: (i) What methods for training and communication will support the implementation of EMS at a university? and, (ii) How did faculty and staff perceive the training and communication activities? The study includes a literature review, a case stu
Background: Resolving threats to widely distributed marine megafauna requires definition of the geographic distributions of both the threats as well as the population unit(s) of interest. In turn, because individual threats can operate on varying spatial scales, their impacts can affect different segments of a population of the same species. Therefore, integration of multiple tools and techniques
Computational modeling is a commonly used method to understand, predict and explain for instance the organization of neuronal connectivity. Here it is applied to the problem of the development of the neural control of locomotion. Locomotion, e.g. walking and swimming, can be characterized as an alternate activation of opposing muscles and is controlled by central pattern generators, CPGs, in the s
The study of culture is specifically relevant to libraries confronting changes. A variety of conditions makes it beneficial for libraries to understand the strengths as well as the weaknesses of the underlying culture. Such an understanding can help libraries in adjusting to changes easier, without losing the cultural values that they hold important to their identity and strategic strengths. Taki
Should refugees govern refugee camps? This paper argues that they should. It draws on normative political thought in consulting the all-subjected principle and an instrumental defense of democratic rule. The former holds that all those subjected to rule in a political unit should have a say in such rule. Through analyzing the conditions that pertain in refugee camps, the paper demonstrates that th
On January 1, 2011 the new structural design rules (Eurocode) became valid in Sweden; these rules are common to the entire European Union. The reason for the introduction of the Eurocode is to try and eliminate trade barriers between member states. This thesis aims to show what impact this change from Boverkets structural design rules (BKR) to the Eurocode will have on the dimensioning of shear re
