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A 3D model at microscale by the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) is proposed for part of an anode of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) to analyze the interaction between the transport and reaction processes and structural parameters. The equations of charge, momentum, heat and mass transport are simulated in the model. The modeling geometry is created with randomly placed spheres to resemble the part o
BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis remains a leading infectious cause of death in resource-limited settings. Effective treatment is the cornerstone of tuberculosis control, reducing mortality, recurrence and transmission. Supporting treatment adherence through facility-based observations of medication taking can be costly to providers and patients. Digital adherence technologies (DATs) may facilitate treatm
We investigate the impact of a galaxy’s merger history on its system of satellites using the new VINTERGATAN-GM suite of zoom-in hydrodynamical simulations of Milky Way-mass systems. The suite simulates five realizations of the same halo with targeted ‘genetic modifications’ of a z ≈ 2 merger, but resulting in the same halo mass at z = 0. We find that differences in the satellite stellar mass func
Over the recent years the interest in cryptocurrencies and Bitcoin has increased significantly. The price of Bitcoin has gone up substantially since the end of 2020 and more individual and institutional investors are incorporating Bitcoin to their portfolio. This thesis explores the features of Bitcoin as another financial asset, specifically compared to Gold as Bitcoin has been referred to as the
Communication today is not something merely taking place face to face, technology such as the internet and social media channels have opened up for endless interactions taking place in the online world. User generated content in the form of online travel reviews come with many challenges and opportunities for organizations. User generated content has been shown to impact a travelers decision in al
High Arctic wetlands are an important component of the global climate system. Nevertheless estimations of their expected response to climate change and associated climate-feedbacks have large uncertainties. Improving models for vegetation and carbon dynamics of ecosystems is an important step towards making predictions more accurate. In this study, an arctic-enabled version of the LPJ-GUESS dynam
Huntington disease (HD) is a hereditary neurodegenerative disorder caused by an expanded cytosine–adenine–guanine triplet repeat in the huntingtin gene. The current diagnosis is based on the presence of typical motor signs in combination with a positive gene test. The motor onset of the disease is usually between 30 and 50 years of age, and the disease then progresses over around 20 more years. No
Most previous studies about fertility knowledge and attitudes among men have been based on quantitative methods using questionnaires with fixed-choice response options. The aims of this qualitative study were to explore childless young men’s reflections on fertility and infertility through semi-structured interviews. Danish (n = 17) and Swedish (n = 12) young childless men aged between 20 and 30 y
The open-circuit voltage (Voc) of all-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs) is typically lower than 0.9 V even for the most efficient ones. Large energy loss is the main reason for limiting Voc and efficiency of all-PSCs. Herein, through materials design using electron deficient building blocks based on bithiophene imides, the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels of polymer acceptors
Graphene was shown to reveal intriguing properties of its relativistic two-dimensional electron gas; however, its implementation to microelectronic applications is missing to date. In this work, we present a comprehensive study of epitaxial graphene on technologically relevant and in a standard CMOS process achievable Ge(100) epilayers grown on Si(100) substrates. Crystalline graphene monolayer st
The current pandemic SARS-CoV-2 has required an unusual allocation of resources that can negatively impact chronically ill patients and high-complexity procedures. Across the European Reference Network on Pediatric Transplantation (ERN TransplantChild), we conducted a survey to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on pediatric transplant activity and healthcare practices in both solid o
With the increasing global awareness about the impacts of climate change on the built environments, the need for improving the climate resilience of buildings is being more acknowledged. Despite the high number of relevant studies, there is a lack of frameworks to assess the resiliency of buildings and urban areas. This study presents a multi-objective framework to optimize the form of buildings a
Understanding how urban systems and traffic dynamics co-evolve is crucial for advancing sustainable and resilient cities. However, their bidirectional causal relationships remain underexplored due to challenges of simultaneously inferring spatial heterogeneity, temporal variation, and feedback mechanisms. Here we present a spatio-temporal causality framework that bridges correlation and causation
In the European Union (EU) policymakers are faced with many challenges in national corporate taxation policy from globalization, in particular the increasing cross-border mobility of capital. The EU member countries have become a highly integrated single market and this has meant that trade and investment flows are highly sensitive to corporate tax rates. Corporate tax rates have fallen over the l
Covid-19 has triggered a massive global challenge with 1,576,069 overall confirmed cases, 1,545,429 recovered cases, and 30,640 deaths across Pakistan. Epidemiological models have always played an important role in understanding the dynamics of such infectious diseases. The severity of Covid-19 infection depends on several factors such as immune system and virus variants. Although detailed epidemi
SUMMARY: Craniopharyngiomas (CPs) are rare brain epithelial tumours arising in the suprasellar region, infiltrating adjacent areas causing visual loss, panhypopituitarism, cognitive deficits and morbid obesity. Papillary CPs (PCPs) harbour in 94% BRAF mutation cases. Two patients with PCP and BRAF V600E mutations but with different tumour status were treated with BRAF and MEK inhibitors. Case I wa
Extensive genetic and epigenetic variegation has been demonstrated in many malignancies. Importantly, their interplay has the potential to contribute to disease progression and treatment resistance. To shed light on the complex relationships between these different sources of intra-tumour heterogeneity, we explored their relative contributions to the evolutionary dynamics of Acute Lymphoblastic Le
Background: Obesity is a chronic disease linked to over 200 health conditions, reduced quality of life, and increased mortality. Despite the availability of multimodal treatments, there is a lack of standardised, patient-centred outcome measures to effectively assess and improve clinical care. This project aimed to define a core set of standardised outcome measures for adults with obesity, incorpo
