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Quantitative data are needed to constrain the feedback loops between vegetation and hydroclimate. In this study, the amplitudes of variations in the triple oxygen isotope composition of water at the soil-plant-atmosphere interface are measured in savanna and dry forest contexts in West Africa (Benin and Senegal). Comparison of in situ data and model estimates reveals the following: (a) The value o
This chapter explains vital elements in the salutogenic model of health and how these fit into the inner core of health promotion expressed in the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion. Salutogenesis, is here considered as a theory, a life orientation and as the sense of coherence. In line with the salutogenic theory, health is described as a process in an ease/dis-ease continuum, defined as the mov
Nickel-based catalysts are the most promising alternative to replace platinum in hydrogen conversion devices in alkaline media. One approach to narrowing the performance gap between Pt and Ni is to fine-tune the nickel surface coverage by (hydr) oxide (NiOxHy) species, which determines its electrocatalytic activity for the hydrogen oxidation (HOR) and hydrogen evolution (HER) reactions. As Ni easi
Popular Abstract in Swedish Skeletthälsa och livsstilsbeteenden hos unga kvinnor I Sverige kommer ungefär 50 % av alla kvinnor att drabbas av en fraktur någon gång under sitt liv. Ett starkt skelett med hög mängd benmassa är det som främst bidrar till att förebygga benskörhetsfrakturer. Kvinnor har efter ungdomsåren mindre mängd benmassa än män och mängden benmassa minskar hos kvinnor snabbare i The overall aim of this prospective observational study with a salutogenic approach was to investigate bone mineral density (BMD) and BMD changes in the heel bone, in a group of healthy women, in relation to physiological factors and lifestyle behaviours over a two-year period as well as investigating the women’s view of their lifestyle behaviours. Data were collected in 1999 (T1) and 2001 (T2). H
Poly(styrene-graft-ethylene oxide), having alkyl chains (C-12 or C-18) on the polystyrene main chain or on the poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) side chains, were synthesized. The main chain was alkylated by first ionizing amide groups in a styrene/acrylamide copolymer with tert-butoxide, and then using the amide anions as sites for reactions with 1-bromoalkanes. An excess of amide anions was used in the
Methods that objectively assess the muscle fibre-type arrangement may improve the detection of fibre-type grouping, a diagnostic sign of a denervation and reinnervation process. To distinguish between a diseased and a normal muscle, there is a need for quantitative data on the fibre-type arrangement in healthy human muscles at different ages. In this study, cross-sections were prepared of whole au
Four strains of lactic acid bacteria were used as pure or mixed cultures to investigate the texture-promoting capacity and exopolysaccharides (EPS) formation in three different oat-based, non-dairy milk products, Adavena G40, Adavena M40 (both with a dry matter content of 20%) and Mill Milk (with a dry matter content of 10%). Viscosity was measured at two different shear rates during 2 min of shea
This paper describes the design, development and characteristics of a tyrosinase (polyphenol oxidase) modified amperometric screen-printed biosensor array, with the enzyme cross-linked in a redox-hydrogel namely the PVI13-dmeOs polymer. Two types of Au-screen-printed four-channel electrode arrays, differing in design and insulating layer, were compared and investigated. Au-, graphite-coated-Au- an
The long-lived, light-induced radical Y-D(.) of the Tyr161 residue in the D2 protein of Photosystem 11 (PSII) is known to magnetically interact with the CaMn4 cluster, situated similar to 30 angstrom away. In this study we report a transient step-change increase in YD EPR intensity upon the application of a single laser flash to S, state-synchronised PSII-enriched membranes from spinach. This tran
Popular Abstract in Swedish Den s.k. "uncertain dichotomous choice" modellen används för att beskriva gruppbeslut. Modellen består av två komponenter: gruppstruktur och röstsystem. Gruppen utgörs av ett antal personer med ett gemensamt mål. Medlemmarnas uppgift är att välja ett av de två givna alternativen, av vilka det ena är korrekt. Dessa två symmetriska alternativ antas så utformade att det inA probabilistic framework used in studying collective decision making is the uncertain dichotomous choice model. The model is essentially characterized by two components: the organizational structure and the voting process. By organizational structure, we refer to a group composed of members with common objectives and who are tasked to choose one of the two given alternatives, one of which is assu
Popular Abstract in Swedish Avhandlingens syfte är att genom en empirisk undersökning öka förståelsen av tidigt föräldraskap till barn med Downs syndrom. Jag utgår ifrån föräldrarnas livsvärld och utvecklar ett medföljande arbetssätt. Tio familjer med nyfödda barn med Downs syndrom följs genom regelbundna hembesök under det första året med barnet. Tillsammans med en medarbetare samtalar jag med föThe purpose of this dissertation was to increase - through an empirical investigation - our understanding of early parenthood in relation to children with Down syndrome. My point of departure has been the parents’ life-worlds, and I have developed an accompanying working method. Ten families with newborn infants with Down syndrome were followed through regular home visits during the first year of
The article outlines the origin and later transformation of Medieval Archaeology to Historical Archaeology, both as an antiquarian practice and as an academic subject, focusing on the development in Sweden since the 18th C. Where the concept of the Middle Ages defined the former subject, both its opportunities and its limitations, now Modernity has turned up as a new challenging concept. Archaeolo
Gas turbines emissions, NOX in particular, have negative impact on the environment. To limit the emissions gas turbine burners are constantly improved. In this work, a fourth generation SIT (Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery) burner is studied to gain information about the formation of NOX emissions. The gas mixtures for the full burner are limited to natural gas with different nitrogen dilutions.
Popular Abstract in Swedish Proteiner, eller äggviteämnen som de också kallas, har viktiga funktioner i kroppen. Proteiner är uppbyggda som långa, ofta sammanveckade kedjor. Byggstenarna i dessa kedjor kallas aminosyror. Ett givet protein kännetecknas av sin unika aminosyrekombination och ofta ingår flera av de 20, i människan förekommande, aminosyrorna i ett protein. I kroppen finns också kortareThe aim of this thesis work is to understand and be able to control polypeptide conformation and interactions at interfaces and in solution by changing the solution conditions. For this purpose simple model polypeptides, so-called polyamino acids, have been investigated at the air-liquid interface, as well as in aqueous solutions. The influence of subphase characteristics, spreading solvent and po
Popular Abstract in Swedish Högt blodtryck (hypertoni) och åldersdiabetes (typ 2 diabetes) är två av västvärldens vanligaste folksjukdomar, i Sverige är förekomsten ca 15% respektive 3,5%. Båda tillstånden ger upphov till hjärta-kärlkomplikationer såsom hjärtinfarkt, hjärtsvikt och stroke och orsakar hög sjuklighet och dödlighet i befolkningen. Kombinationen av hypertoni och typ 2 diabetes ökar ytThe causes of hypertension (HT) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) are mainly unknown, but they arise from interplay between several genetic and environmental factors. The aim of this thesis was to investigate whether polymorphisms in putative candidate genes for HT increase the susceptibility to HT and/or T2DM. The DD genotype of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene I/D polymorphism was associate
Article 31 remains a vital provision of the 1951 Convention as much as an uneasy compromise. It is a rather complex provision affecting a much broader range of issues than the criminalization of immigration infractions and detention. Due to the difference between contemporary migratory realities and those of the drafting period, it is not straightforwardly applied. Resort to the travaux préparatoi
Popular Abstract in Swedish Vid många industriella processer bildas olika typer av biprodukter, som kan vara mer eller mindre giftiga. En ovarsam hantering av de giftiga ämnena, eller en olycka, kan lätt leda till att den omgivande miljön blir förorenad. Förr, när man var mindre medveten om riskerna med de här ämnena hamnade de ofta i marken kring anläggningarna. Det har resulterat i många förorenBioremediation of soils is considered a low-cost alternative to other remediation techniques. Its ability to remove a number of different pollutants has been demonstrated, relying mainly on the activities of indigenous soil bacteria. The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are considered major environmental pollutants in soil, some of them being toxic and others carcinogenic. Since high-molecu
Popular Abstract in Swedish I avhandlingen Det förbjudna mödraskapet argumenterar jag för att surrogatmödraskap bör tillåtas också i Sverige. Idag är metoden förbjuden. Ett av de bärande argumenten är att en legalisering skulle kunna bidra till att bryta ner flera konservativa föreställningar som idag finns kring kvinnors roll i reproduktonen.Surrogate motherhood, or surrogacy, means that a woman carries a child with the explicit intention not to keep the child after the birth. This reproductive method is illegal according to Swedish legislation. The question at heart of the dissertation is the following: Can a legal prohibition of surrogacy be morally justified? My answer is simple no. Consequently, I work with the thesis that there a
In Western classical music traditions, conventional ways of considering melody have been established. The tones of a melody phrase might be experienced as building up a continuous line moving between dynamical culmination points and relaxation points. In this study, a special visual tool called the Melody phrasing curve (MPhC) has been tested. The MPhC is designed according to some established con
