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The main controversy in international law the past decades has been the approach to a non-international conflict exposing civilians to threats of genocide or mass atrocities. One corner stone of international law is the protection of a state and its internal affairs, the principle of non-intervention; another one is the protection of human rights. During the 1990s, the two principles were seen as
Principen om skyldigheten att skydda är kontroversiell och har varit det sedan International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty introducerade principen. Principen antogs enhälligt av Förenta Nationernas medlemsstater 2005 och verkade vara ett nytt sätt att skydda medmänskliga värden. Principen om skyldigheten att skydda används för att skydda befolkningen inom stater där staterna sjäThe responsibility to protect is a controversial principle and has been ever since it was introduced by the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty in 2001. Unanimously adopted by the United Nations member states in 2005 the principle seemed to be a new way of protecting humanitarian values. To protect the citizens of states when the states themselves are unwilling or unable
Översvämningar och vattenföroreningar är kopplade till försummelse av vattenhantering vid hastig urban utveckling. Om tre decennier förväntas 66% av jordens befolkning bo i städer. Hur löser vi detta? Idag bor nästan hälften av jordens befolkning i städer – en siffra som förväntas öka till mer än fem miljarder personer fram till 2030. Urbanisering anses ha stor positiv påverkan på ekonomisk tillvDue to internal conflicts and an economical conversion in the mid 1900’s, the Colombian society has seen a great social transition from rural to urbanised in the last 50 years. Apart from positive impacts of urbanisation on social factors, there are hydrological issues coupled to it. With the aim to assess the impact of urbanisation on runoff peak flows in Bogota, the historical change in impervio
The main purpose of this thesis is to explore how to deal with an industrial heritage in both urban and more detailed, architectural scale. The project location indicates another significant key issue - waterfront identity, which is essential for the city of Amsterdam. This thesis proposes a complex masterplan for the area, which provides diverse housing options, varied public spaces of different
February 2011 began with demonstrations against Muammar al-Gaddafi in Libya. It quickly escalated into a violent civil war. The actions of the UN and NATO have been widely discussed. The purpose of this essay is to examine the objectives behind the UN’s and NATO’s intervention in Libya. This will be done by applying Graham Allison’s organizational model to the case to test its explanatory power. T
Det här är ett masterarbete kring relationen mellan ADHD och musik, inte inom medicin. Med arbetet vill jag lyfta upp fördelar, hyperförmågor och den stora kreativa potential som ADHD ger mig som musiker. Jag fick ADHD-diagnosen först efter flera års studier på Musikhögskolan, och hade innan dess levt 30 år med bara nackdelar med ADHD. Eftersom jag var missnöjd med medicinen tänkte jag “out of theFinding my inner Nimrud - my life as an ADHD musician This is a master's thesis on the relationship between ADHD and music, not in medicine. With this work, I aim to highlight the advantages, hyper-abilities and great creative potential that ADHD give me as a musician. I got the ADHD diagnosis after 4 years of study at the Academy of Music. Before that I lived 30 years with only the disadvanta
Denna uppsats undersöker beskattning av dispositionsrätt till egendom som ägs av företag, med särskilt fokus på fåmansföretag. Syftet är att klargöra under vilka omständigheter dispositionsrätten leder till inkomstbeskattning, skillnader mellan beskattning i inkomstslagen tjänst och näringsverksamhet samt hur skattskyldiga kan undvika beskattning. Studien har använt rättsdogmatisk metod för att anThis thesis examines the taxation of the right of disposal of company-owned property, with a particular focus on close companies. The purpose is to clarify the circumstances under which the right of disposal leads to income taxation, the differences in taxation between the categories of income from employment and business income, and how taxpayers can avoid such taxation. A legal dogmatic method h
There has been previous research on the subject of preferred stock and its classification as debt or equity. This thesis adds to the discussion by incorporating a comprehensive measure for financial standing. In this thesis, preferred stock returns of 74 companies are regressed on the returns of bond and common equity and a measure of default probability. The result of the study is that the majori
Abstract Background Swedish foods have difficulty competing against imported food that has different cost scenarios. Food price inflation has today led to a major focus on low cost for consumers. This focus has created a risk of lower food quality for consumers and lower profitability for the food industry. Target To develop a principled business model with a focus on identifying realizable value
This study analyzes the return to schooling in 22 countries. More specifically, the effect on earnings of receiving a bachelor’s and a master’s degree is estimated by applying a propensity score matching approach on microdata. Unlike many other techniques, propensity score matching addresses selection bias to a higher extent making the estimates of the treatment effect on the treated more reliable
This paper uses data from a recently-released survey pertaining to individuals in urban locations in 2007 to estimate rates of return to education in China. In doing so, previous estimates in the empirical literature are updated by five years. The key issue under consideration is whether the private incentive to spend time and money on education has increased over the course of China’s economic tr
I dagens samhälle spelar sociala medier en allt större roll i vår dagliga kommunikation. Instagram, som är en bildapplikation, gör det möjligt för användare att publicera och sprida bilder via sin mobil. Det laddas upp ca 4,5 miljoner bilder varje dag på Instagram och tjänsten har ungefär 30 miljoner användare. Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka hur sociala medier har gått från att vara textbas
Sällsynta diagnoser är en bred grupp diagnoser som, trots att de var för sig är mycket ovanliga, tillsammans drabbar ett stort antal personer. På senare tid har framsteg inom forskningen lett till att medellivslängden ökat för många av dessa diagnoser och allt fler patienter uppnår vuxen ålder. Detta har skapat en ny patientgrupp som vuxensjukvården har svårt att ta hand om. Många utredningar har Background: Rare diseases, a diverse group of conditions which each represent few patients, are a challenge for the Swedish health care system. Despite efforts by the European Union and Swedish institutions to address these patients’ needs, there is still a lack of scientific studies and political initiatives when it comes to adult patients living with these diagnoses. Many patient organizations h
Immateriella rättigheter utgör en väldigt viktig komponent på den globala markanden och enorma investeringar ligger ofta bakom uppkomsten och underhåll av starka varumärken. Detta skapar givetvis starka incitament att bevaka och skydda dessa varumärken och i den mån det går att reglera tredje mans användning genom exempelvis licenser. Frågan huruvida aktörer såsom banker och andra finansiella instIntellectual property is a very important component in the global market and enormous investments are often underlying for the development and maintenance of strong brands. This obviously creates strong incentives to monitor and protect these trademarks and to the extent possible, regulate the use by third parties through licenses. The question whether players such as banks and other financial ins
The thesis deals with matters relating to neglected diseases and the lack of pharmaceutical R&D for the same diseases. Everybody is entitled to the right to health and subsequently the right to access to medicines, however not everyone has been receiving the benefits of this right. Currently there is an unsatisfying market-driven system, that can be changed by new and innovative approaches, su
Investigations of heterozygosity-fitness correlations (HFCs) are central to the understanding how genetic diversity is maintained in natural populations. Advanced genome-wide approaches will enrich the number of functional loci to be tested. We argue that a combined analysis of the genetic mechanisms of HFCs and selection signals at single loci will allow researchers to better understand the micro
The paper describes a novel method for calculating the residual gas fraction and the trapping efficiency in a 2 stroke engine. Assuming one dimensional compressible flow through the inlet and exhaust ports, the method estimates the instantaneous mass flowing in and out from the combustion chamber; later the residual gas fraction and trapping efficiency are estimated combining together the perfect
This paper is a qualitative study on the influence of the residents in a special communitydwelling within the care system for elderly. The purpose of the study is to describe and analyse with a user perspective how particularly staff members but also a group of retired people living in this dwelling interpret and articulate the concept of resident influence. How the retirees can influence the desi
This thesis has the ESDP/CSDP missions as its focal point. The purpose of this study is twofold: first to create a comparative overview of all the missions to map out the behavioural patterns. The descriptive part of the analysis will present the missions mandates, their result and also try to see whether the individual operations can be said to have been successful or not. The second objective is
