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Popular Abstract in Swedish Dieselmotorn lanserades för mer än ett sekel sedan och är nu den mest använda motorn inom Europas transportsektor. Detta beror framför allt på dess låga bränsleförbrukning och höga effekt. Avgasutsläppen är dieselmotorns största nackdel eftersom dessa biprodukter från förbränningen har negativa effekter både på folkhälsan och miljön. Därför regleras utsläppen genom lagsDiesel engines are widely used as powertrain solutions for transportation vehicles. Their low fuel consumption and high performance make them attractive, however, their associated pollutant emissions is a major drawback which represent a hazard for public health and the environment. Therefore, the concentrations of the major pollutant species are regulated. Soot, which to a large extent consists

This article investigates language use in sports, and more specific how trainers address their young trainees in athletics, jujutsu, and gymnastics. The article focuses the instructions that the trainees receive when performing different exercises during training. The primary theoretical framework is Bernstein’s (1971 and onwards) concepts classification, framing, and a collective as opposed to an

We present a laser lithography technique based on lift-off, for fast and flexible prototyping of micro and nanoelectromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS). The technique is based on direct laser writing on substrates coated with a resist bi-layer consisting of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) on lift-off resist (LOR). Laser writing melts and evaporates the PMMA exposing the LOR. Oxygen ashing removes PMMA

The ultimate goal of resource monitoring is to analyse the spatial distribution of the balance between supply and demand of a certain resource. Remote sensing techniques are commonly used for the assessment of the supply of resources. By integrating remote sensing with the related techniques of geographical information systems and spatial modelling, the demand as well as the accessibility of resou

In a study on the problems of censorship and interpretation from 1984, (Censorship and Interpretation; The Conditions of Reading and Writing in Early Modern England), Annabel Patterson states that British authors of the seventeenth century often used the shelter of ambiguity as a protection from the threat of censorship. But as the text had to be understood by the intended readers, Patterson argue

This chapter ". . . looks at a problem that is an important effect of systemic features: the problems of defining clear boundaries between different types of actors. Richard Langlais and Sharon Rider study the boundary between research performed by public universities and companies basing their technology on scientific research. They use the concept "science machines" to depict those systems of so

The formation of industry standards for environmental issues and corporate social responsibility is gaining acceptance but the number of successfully implemented programs are few. On an individual level companies have for some time applied company standards or codes of conduct. But on a collective level cooperation seems much more difficult. Although from an economic point of view there are clear

Med den globala uppvärmningen förutspås klimatet i arktiska och subarktiska miljöer förändras påtagligt. Enligt IPCCs senaste rapport kan både temperatur och nederbörd öka dubbelt så mycket som det globala genomsnittet, och störst ökning väntas under vinterhalvåret. Många känsliga ekosystem och miljöer kommer med stor sannolikhet att påverkas redan vid små förändringar. Ett exempel på sådana miljöThe on-going global warming is projected to have large impacts on the arctic and subarctic environment. Especially vulnerable are ecosystems with narrow climatic envelopes and with small possibilities of adaptation. An example of this is the palsa mires, subarctic mire complexes with patches of permafrost. Palsas are peat mounds with a frozen core, formed by the expansion and upheaval of the segre

Collimated Transmission Spectroscopy (CTS) is a technique that is commonly used to study the optical absorption of different media. In this work CTS was used to measure the absorbance of pure raspberry juice in order to investigate how well the fruit content may be determined in a commercially available raspberry fruit drink. Another method, RGB colorimetry, which is a much more available techniqu

Livsmedelsindustrin har stor miljömässig påverkan och uppfyller inte de krav som ställs för att industrin ska betraktas som hållbar. Konsumenterna är en av de viktigaste intressenterna för att kunna implementera hållbar konsumtion. Genom att studera och analysera hur konsumenter skapar värde fås ökad förståelse för vad som driver hållbar konsumtion i livsmedelsindustrin ur konsumentperspektivet. S

Objective To investigate the effect of Body Mass Index (BMI) on long-term radiographic damage in an inception rheumatoid arthritis (RA) cohort. Methods The study population, n=1813, originated from the observational Better AntiRheumatic FarmacoTherapy cohort. X-rays of hands and feet at inclusion, 1, 2, 5, 8 and 15 years were quantified for erosion score (ES), joint space narrowing (JSN) and the s

Trots ökad medvetenhet om digitala hot är svaga lösenord och lösenordsåteranvändning fortsatt vanliga, vilket äventyrar informationssäkerheten. Integrerade lösenordshanterare, som de inbyggda i webbläsare och operativsystem, erbjuder ett potentiellt verktyg för att stärka säkerhetsbeteenden, men användningen varierar kraftigt. Denna kvantitativa studie syftar till att undersöka hur dessa verktyg p

Geospatial data analysis plays a critical role in a wide range of applications, from urban planning and environmental monitoring to disaster response and infrastructure management. However, it remains technically demanding and largely inaccessible to non-experts due to the complexity of geospatial data structures, domain-specific tools, and the need for advanced programming knowledge. A particular