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This thesis will look at the profession of Town Planning from an economic perspective utilising New Institutional Economics (NIE) to focus on how different institutions and structures bring about trade- offs. As planning systems have considerable influence over property rights (the ability to affect one’s own lands) and over transaction costs by intervening in land markets, they are strongly conte

In this paper, a parametric analysis on the main engine calibration parameters applied on gasoline Partially Premixed Combustion (PPC) is performed. Theoretically, the PPC concept permits to improve both the engine efficiencies and the NOx-soot trade-off simultaneously compared to the conventional diesel combustion. This work is based on the design of experiments (DoE), statistical approach, and i

Biomarker identification is of utmost importance for the development of novel diagnostics and therapeutics. Here we make use of a translational database selection strategy, utilizing data from the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) on differentially expressed protein patterns in healthy and breast cancer tissues as a means to filter out potential biomarkers for underlying genetic causatives of the disease.

In this paper we determine the oxygen profile in a biofilm on suspended carriers in two ways: firstly by microelectrode measurements and secondly by a simple mathematical model. The Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor is well-established for wastewater treatment where bacteria grow as a biofilm on the protective surfaces of suspended carriers. The flat shaped BiofilmChip P was developed to allow good condi

In this paper, we present a comparison between the reduced mechanisms obtained through a computational singular perturbation method (CSP) and the reduced mechanisms obtained through a lifetime analysis based only on the diagonal elements of the Jacobian matrix and a species sensitivity The two methods are used for the analysis of autoignition, which is an interesting test situation because of the

High-resolution ground-based infrared solar spectra are routinely recorded at the Network for the Detection of Stratospheric Change (NDSC) stations. These data sets play a key role in providing a long-term record of atmospheric composition and their links to climate change. The analysis of observed infrared spectra involves comparison to a computer-modeled atmosphere where knowledge of the air mas

In many-body and other systems, the physics situation often allows one to interpret certain, distinct states by means of a simple picture. In this interpretation, the distinct states are not eigenstates of the full Hamiltonian. Hence, there is an interaction that makes the distinct states act as doorways into background states which are modeled statistically. The crucial quantities are the overlap

Popular Abstract in Swedish ”Practice variation” I den kliniska vardagen ser man ofta slående variationer i handläggningsrutiner mellan läkare och vårdcentraler utan att detta kan förklaras av skillnader i sjuklighet hos patienterna. Dessa oförklarade skillnader benämns ”practice variation” och beror på lokalt förankrade rutiner ofta etablerade sedan länge. De är sällan vetenskapligt underbyggda uBackground and Aims: Differences in the clinical care of patients have been explained through the concept of practice variation, that is, the occurrence of established local medical procedures that varies between geographic areas. The primary measures introduced to eliminate undesirable differences in medical care are the introduction of medical guidelines and economical incentives that rewards th

The eyes of visually prominent animals such as vertebrates, cephalopods, and arthropods generally subserve a multitude of visual tasks. Naturally, early stages in the evolution of these complex visual organs must have been simpler, and subserved a smaller number of visual tasks. Hence, eye evolution is driven by a consecutive accumulation of visual tasks. Each task adds to the requirements on eye

The mechanisms driving clonal heterogeneity and evolution in relapsed pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are not fully understood. We performed whole genome sequencing of samples collected at diagnosis, relapse(s) and remission from 29 Nordic patients. Somatic point mutations and large-scale structural variants were called using individually matched remission samples as controls, and all

Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of aortic regurgitation (AR) contain recommendations that do not always match. We systematically reviewed clinical practice guidelines and summarized similarities and differences in the recommendations as well as gaps in evidence on the management of AR. We searched MEDLINE and Embase (1 January 2011 to 1 September 2021), Google Scholar, and websites of

Much as the contemporary understanding of world trade is often based on simple models where two countries engage in trade, so is world trade in fuel commodities typically conceived as consisting of either net-importing or net-exporting countries. However, by paying attention to the structure of world trade, represented by actually occurring trade flows between the actors in such networks, it becom

Fracture risk in osteoporosis is increased and osteoporosis is the most common metabolic bone disease and treatment is expensive. Osteoporosis is diagnosed by measuring Bone Mineral Density (BMD), which does not consider other factors such as bone geometry or architecture. 3D-based models can predict risk fracture better than BMD, but they require 3D computed tomography. Solution of the problem is

Skattelagstiftning styrs av principer, som ibland kan säga emot varandra och då behöva vägas mot varandra. I förarbeten redogör lagstiftaren för hur denna bedömning ser ut, och det är möjligt att genom förarbeten analysera vilka principer lagstiftaren behandlar, hur de behandlas och hur de vägs mot varandra. Det finns olika sätt att dela in skatterättsliga principer; ett sätt är att dela in dem i Tax law is governed by principles, that sometimes may contradict each other and then need to be weighed against each other. In preparatory works the lawmaker gives their account for how the assessment of principles looks like, and it’s possible through preparatory works to analyse which principles the lawmaker considers, how they’re considered, and how they’re weighed against each other. There are