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Popular Abstract in English At our workplace, at home, and on the road, we rely on software. It has become one of the central technologies on which we base our society. Yet, software is perhaps the major technology that is understood the least by the general population. Most software today is written in languages that requires the programmer to specify not only what is to be achieved, but also hoWriting efficient parallel programs is the biggest challenge of the software industry for the foreseeable future. We are currently in a time when parallel computers are the norm, not the exception. Soon, parallel processors will be standard even in cell phones. Without drastic changes in hardware development, all software must be parallelized to its fullest extent. Parallelism can increase perfor

The crop drought risk assessment is an important basis for mitigating the effects of drought on crops. The study of drought using crop growth models is an integral part of agricultural drought risk research. The current Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) model is not sufficiently sensitive to moisture parameters when performing simulations, and most studies that conduct di

Background: A warmer climate has consequences for the timing of phenological events, as temperature is a key factor controlling plant development and flowering. In this study, we analyse the effects of the long-term climate change and an extreme weather event on the first flowering day (FFD) of five spring-flowering wild plant species in the United Kingdom. Citizen science data from the UK Woodlan

Drought and rainfall events will become more frequent and intense with climate change. At the same time, soil moisture is one of the major factors controlling soil microbial processes such as carbon cycling. When challenged with drought there are two main growth responses microorganisms can use: (1) they can maintain growth rates during drought (i.e., resistance) and (2) they can recover growth ra

The long-term carbon storage capacity of the boreal forest is under threat from the increasing frequency and intensity of wildfires. In addition to the direct carbon emissions during a fire, the burnt forest often turns into a net carbon emitter after fire, leading to large additional losses of carbon over several years. Understanding how quickly forests recover after a fire is therefore vital to

Climate change and land-use change represent a dual threat to terrestrial ecosystem functioning. In the tropics, forest conversion to agriculture is occurring alongside warming and more pronounced periods of drought. Rainfall after drought induces enormous dynamics in microbial growth (potential soil carbon storage) and respiration (determining carbon loss), affecting the ecosystem carbon budget.

Boreal forests have a large impact on the global greenhouse gas balance and their soils constitute an important carbon (C) reservoir. Mature boreal forests are typically a net CO2 sink, but there are also examples of boreal forests that are persistent CO2 sources. The reasons remain often unknown, presumably due to a lack of understanding of how biotic and abiotic drivers interact to determine the

Study Region 103 FLUXNET2015 flux towers distributed across diverse climatic and ecological regions. Study Focus Accurate estimation of evapotranspiration (ET) is critical for understanding regional ecohydrological processes. Physically based models such as the Penman-Monteith-Leuning (PML) model are robust but often constrained by fixed parameterization schemes, while data-driven approaches such

Old-growth forests uniquely support biodiversity while serving as some of the planet's most important carbon stocks. The influence of tree and stand age on carbon flux dynamics remains debated—an urgent question as climate-driven disturbances may reshape forest age structures and in situ carbon storage. To clarify these relationships in Fagus sylvatica , systems, we examined a unique dataset of 3,

Accurate evapotranspiration (ET) data are required for many hydro-meteorological applications. Compared with the traditional evaluation that requires in-situ measurements, the triple collocation (TC) technique estimates geophysical product errors without the need for ground truth, which is especially suitable over large areas lacking a dense in-situ network. However, violations of the zero-error c

Climate warming could destabilise the Earth's largest terrestrial store of reactive carbon (C), by accelerating the decomposition of soil organic matter. A third of that C store resides in the tropics. The potential for tropical soils to sequester C, or to act as an additional source of CO2, will depend on the balance of C inputs and outputs, mediated by the response of soil microbial communities

The influence of climate on soil microorganisms governs the input and output fluxes of carbon (C) from soils. The study of the drastic responses to drying-rewetting offers an opportunity to assess an aspect of ‘soil health’ via evaluating the role of microbes in soil biochemistry and C cycling. Recent evidence has consistently shown that communities exposed to extreme moisture fluctuations recurre

Insect herbivory is one of the most important ecological processes affecting plant–soil feedbacks and overall forest ecosystem health. In this study, we assess how elevated carbon dioxide (eCO2) impacts (i) leaf level insect herbivory and (ii) the stand-level herbivore-mediated transfer of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) from the canopy to the ground in a natural mature oak temperate forest community

The present thesis explores how the tourist experience is re-articulated through the mediation of smartphones. I adopt the postphenomenological theory of mediation as the overarching ontological position, placing the role of technologies on an ontological level, as mediators of perception and experience. The new tourist that emerges from smartphone mediation is the smartphoned tourist, that is a t

The Eurasian spruce bark beetle, Ips typographus, is a major pest, capable of killing spruce forests during large population outbreaks. Recorded dispersal distances of individual beetles are typically within hundreds of meters or a few kilometers. However, the connectivity between populations at larger distances and longer time spans and how this is affected by the habitat is less studied, despite

Värdering av obebyggd tomtmark för småhus kan ibland vara svårt då det saknas ett bra ortsprismaterial. Ännu svårare är att värdera tomtmark för småhus som är bebyggda med byggnader på ofri grund. Tomtmark med byggnader på ofri grund upplåtna med nyttjanderätter anses ha ett lägre värde än tomtmark som är obebyggd eller tomtmark som är bebyggd av fastighetens ägare. Det beror på att nyttjanderätteThe objective of this work is to examine the impact on value that a house on leasehold has on the underlying land in a partition ordinance. In order to build a foundation and create an understanding about houses on leasehold, partitiontools and different methods of valuation I undertook literature studies. The literature consisted of, among other things, preparatory work for FBL and the Court of A

Study purpose: This study explores how Floating Container Terminals (FCTs) located in the North and Baltic Seas can support the maritime shipping industry's growth while promoting sustainability. As freight transportation volumes rise and sustainability regulations tighten, ports face increasing demands to accommodate Ultra-Large Container Vessels (ULCVs) in an environmentally responsible mann

Adaptive reuse of existing buildings as a part of the circular economy principle has become a more common approach to promote sustainable development, due to increasing urban densification and environmental concerns. Ventilation systems, as a major contributor to energy use in buildings, often face complete replacement during building reconstruction, despite their potential for extended service li

Conventional agriculture, dominated by annual crops, has revolutionised food production but also introduced significant environmental and social challenges. Perennial crops offer a promising alternative, with potential benefits for ecosystem services, agricultural sustainability, and food security. Although the environmental benefits of perennial crops, such as the intermediate wheat grass Kernza