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Objective: Antimicrobial resistance is a growing worldwide problem and is considered to be one of the biggest threats to global health by the World Health Organization. Insights into the determinants of antibiotic prescribing may be gained by comparing the antibiotic usage patterns of Australia and Sweden. Design: Publicly available data on dispensed use of antibiotics in Australia and Sweden betw
Background: The complexity of pancreaticoduodenectomy and fear of morbidity, particularly postoperative pancreatic fistula, can be a barrier to surgical trainees gaining operative experience. This meta-analysis sought to compare the postoperative pancreatic fistula rate after pancreatoenteric anastomosis by trainees or established surgeons. Methods: A systematic review of the literature was perfor
Purpose: To evaluate if preoperative assessment with A Quick Test of Cognitive Speed (AQT) could increase the accuracy of predicting delirium after cardiac surgery compared to Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and examine if a composite of variables, including cognitive function and depressive symptoms, could be useful to predict delirium. Patients and Methods: Cardiac surgery was performed in
Background: The influence of familial factors on the prognosis of ischemic stroke (IS) is unknown. This nationwide follow-up study evaluated familial mortality risks of IS among Swedish sibling pairs hospitalized for IS. Methods: We linked Swedish nationwide registers for the identification of 1380 Swedish born sibling pairs (2760 cases), where both siblings were hospitalized for first-time IS bet
BACKGROUND: Obesity is strongly associated with the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the heterogenous nature of obesity in CVD-risk is still poorly understood. We aimed to explore novel CVD biomarkers and their possible association with presumed unhealthy obesity, defined as hospitalized subjects with obesity (HO).METHODS: Ninety-two proteins associated with CVD were analyzed
Background: Septic arthritis (SA) after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is a rare yet severe complication. The samples in previous studies have been small and without nationwide coverage, making analysis uncertain with a risk of bias. Conclusions to recommend preventive measures are therefore difficult to draw, and it has not been possible to perform a comprehensive risk factor an
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the association between diet and lifestyle factors, beyond traditional risk factors, and the risk of incident ACVD. The Malmö Diet and Cancer study included 30,446 middle-aged individuals. Baseline examinations including a dietary assessment, questionnaire and interviews, were per
BACKGROUND: Meal-induced metabolic changes trigger an acute inflammatory response, contributing to chronic inflammation and associated diseases. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to characterize variability in postprandial inflammatory responses using traditional (IL-6) and novel [glycoprotein acetylation (GlycA)] biomarkers of inflammation and dissect their biological determinants with a focus on postprandial
OBJECTIVE: This study used meta-analysis to assess disparities in cardiovascular disease (CVD) screening and treatment in people with mental disorders, a group that has elevated CVD incidence and mortality. METHODS: The authors searched PubMed and PsycInfo through July 31, 2020, and conducted a random-effect meta-analysis of observational studies comparing CVD screening and treatment in people wit
Deficiencies of C2 and other components of the classical pathway of complement are associated with increased risk of infections with encapsulated bacteria, such as Haemophilus (H.) influenzae. Defense against H. influenzae is dependent on specific antibodies and complement, which mediate serum bactericidal activity (SBA) and opsonization. Due to lack of normal classical and lectin complement pathw
Background: Childhood cancer survivors (CCS) are at an increased risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). It was the primary aim of this study to determine different measures of cardiac, carotid, lipid, and apolipoprotein status in young adult CCS and in healthy controls. Methods: Cardiac and common carotid artery (CCA) structure and function were measured by ultrasonography. Lipids and apolipoprot
BACKGROUND: The St Gallen 2019 guidelines for primary therapy of early breast cancer recommend omission of completion axillary lymph node dissection (cALND), regardless of histological type, in patients with one or two sentinel lymph node (SLN) metastases. Concurrently, adjuvant chemotherapy is endorsed for luminal A-like disease with four or more axillary lymph node (ALN) metastases. The aim of t
Objective: To determine, in a large, multiethnic/multiracial, prospective inception cohort of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), the frequency, attribution, clinical, and autoantibody associations with lupus psychosis and the short- and long-term outcomes as assessed by physicians and patients. Methods: Patients were evaluated annually for 19 neuropsychiatric (NP) events including p
Background: Early initiation of breastfeeding (EIBF) lowers the risk for all-cause mortality in babies, including those with low birth weight. However, rates of neonatal mortality and delayed initiation of breastfeeding remain high in most low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to assess the trends and factors associated with EIBF in Namibia from 2000 to 2013. Methods: An analysis of E
The alternating between dry and wet seasons and the consecutive microbial responses to soil water content in semiarid ecosystems has significant consequences on nitrogen exchanges with the atmosphere. Three field campaigns were carried out in a semi arid sahelian rangeland in Dahra (Ferlo, Senegal), two at the beginning of the wet season in July 2012 and July 2013, and the third one in November 20
Summary: In community dwelling, 75-year-old women followed 10 years, a frailty index was created at each of three visits. Frailty score increased by ~ 6–7% annually. A higher frailty score was equivalent to being 5–10 years chronologically older. Frailty was associated with low bone density and higher risk of dying. Introduction: To understand the distribution of frailty among a population-based s
Background: Current EU directives demand increased use of renewable fuels in the transportation sector but restrict governmental support for production of biofuels produced from crops. The use of intercropped lucerne and wheat may comply with the directives. In the current study, the combination of ensiled lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) and wheat straw as substrate for hydrogen and methane productio
Background: High-circulating level of parathyroid hormone (PTH) is associated with elevated mortality in dialysis patients. The Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy guideline suggests a lower PTH target than other international guidelines; thus, PTH control may differ in Japan compared with other regions, and be associated with mortality. Methods: We analyzed data from hemodialysis patients with
Background: Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) is an emerging and potentially life-saving procedure, necessitating qualified operators in an increasing number of centres. The procedure shares technical elements with other vascular access procedures using the Seldinger technique, which is mastered by doctors not only in endovascular specialties but also in trauma surg
