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The major objectives of this paper are: (1) to review the pros and cons of the scenarios of past anthropogenic land cover change (ALCC) developed during the last ten years, (2) to discuss issues related to pollen-based reconstruction of the past land-cover and introduce a new method, REVEALS (Regional Estimates of VEgetation Abundance from Large Sites), to infer long-term records of past land-cove
Lipase-(Lipozyme TL IM) catalyzed interesterification of triacylglycerols was studied at water activities (a(w)) from 0.22 to 0.8. The substrates trilaurin (LLL) and 1,3-palmitin-2-olein (POP) were used in equimolar amounts to facilitate separate measurements of the interesterification in the sn-1,3 positions and changes in the fatty acid (FA) composition in the sn-2 position. The reaction at a(w)
Monitoring evapotranspiration over land is highly dependent on the surface state and vegetation dynamics. Data from spaceborn platforms are desirable to complement estimations from land surface models. The success of daily evapotranspiration monitoring at continental scale relies on the availability, quality and continuity of such data. The biophysical variables derived from SEVIRI on board the ge
Popular Abstract in Swedish Profeterna legitimerar i regel sitt budskap genom att inleda med den s k budbärarformeln: Så säger Herren. Därmed menar de att Herren talar genom dem. De utgör endast hand stämma. De budskap, som framförs under de knappt 400 år som Gamla testamentets skriftprofeter verkar, är emellertid oerhört mångformiga. Och detta gäller inte bara innehållet utan också utformning, spWhy does the Lord say thus? Prophets, Contexts, Rhetoric A Comparison Between Amos and Malachi When the prophets preached their messages they authorized their words by the old messenger formula "Thus says the Lord". The import of these words was to emphasize that the prophet was only the mouthpiece of the Lord. However, the prophetic literature of the Old Testament is highly varied in its scope a
This thesis describes a series of studies designed to elucidate brain circuitry changes during parr-smolt transformation (smoltification) in salmon. The studies revealed sequential orderly chemical and structural changes of the brain. The first study showed sequential changes in concentration of mu-and kappa-opiate receptors in select cell groups of the brain during various stages of smoltificatio
Ischemic cerebrovascular disease (CVD) is usually a consequence of atherosclerosis and is the commonest cause of stroke. The identification of risk factors and outcome predictors and the initiation of preventive measures constitute the cornerstone of efforts to reduce the risk of stroke and improve outcome. The trend for long-term outcome after stroke and the predictors of this outcome were evalu
Popular Abstract in Swedish 75% av alla kemiska reaktioner sker på en yta av något slag. En av anledningarna till detta är att många ytor har en katalytisk effekt. Inom kemins värld är en katalysator något som påskyndar en kemisk reaktion utan att själv förbrukas, och ett tydligt exempel på en katalytiskt aktiv yta är en bilkatalysator, vilken i princip består av en varm metallyta. På denna yta omThis work deals with interpretation of experimental surface spectroscopic data with the aid of first-principle calculations. Surface infrared reflection-absorption spectra as well as spectra from the electron spectroscopic methods photoemission and X-ray absorption are considered. In all cases the surface is modeled by a metal cluster with the same (frozen) geometry as part of the surface. The wo
Objectives To determine whether serum vascular endothelial growth factor (s-VEGF) levels and VEGF gene expression in tumor tissue predict survival of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients treated with chemoimmunotherapy. Methods VEGF levels were measured in serum samples from 102 patients <65yrs with high-risk DLBCL using a quantitative sandwich enzyme immunoassay technique. Exon array da
Time series of satellite sensor-derived data can be used in the light use efficiency (LUE) model for gross primary productivity (GPP). The LUE model and a closely related linear regression model were studied at an ombrotrophic peatland in southern Sweden. Eddy covariance and chamber GPP, incoming and reflected photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD), field-measured spectral reflectance, and data
The signal crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus is an invasive species in Sweden, threatening the red-listed nobel crayfish Astacus astacus through spreading the crayfish plague. Time-to-event models can handle censored data on such introduced populations for which the state (successful or not) is only partially known at the last observation, but even though data on introduced populations most often
Multipotent stem/progenitor cells derived from human first trimester forebrain can be expanded as free-floating aggregates, so called neurospheres. These cells can differentiate into neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. In vitro differentiation protocols normally yield γ-aminobutyric acid-immunoreactive neurons, whereas only few tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expressing neurons are found. The pres
This study reports the outcome of active surveillance in men with PSA screening-detected prostate cancer (PC), and PSA doubling time (PSADT) was evaluated as a predictor of selecting patients to active treatment or surveillance. On December 31, 1994, 10,000 men were randomized to biennial PSA testing. Through to December 2004, a total of 660 men were diagnosed with PC, of whom 270 managed with ini
Activated protein C inhibits the procoagulant function of activated factor V (FVa) through proteolytic cleavages at Arg-306, Arg-506, and Arg-679. The cleavage at Arg-506 is kinetically favored but protected by factor Xa (FXa). Protein S has been suggested to annihilate the inhibitory effect of FXa, a proposal that has been challenged. To elucidate the effects of FXa and protein S on the individua
Real-time PCR technology is increasingly used for detection and quantification of pathogens in food samples. A main disadvantage of nucleic acid detection is the inability to distinguish between signals originating from viable cells and DNA released from dead cells. In order to gain knowledge concerning risks of false-positive results due to detection of DNA originating from dead cells, quantitati
Purpose: This trial of the German High-Grade Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Study Group compares the use of high-dose therapy (HDT) as part of primary treatment with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) plus etoposide followed by involved-field (IF) radiotherapy in a randomized, multicenter, phase III study. Patients and Methods: Three hundred twelve patients with "aggressive"
This study was designed to test the hypothesis that administration of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF; filgrastim) during induction chemotherapy with CHOP (cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, prednisone) or CNOP (doxorubicin replaced with mitoxantrone) in elderly patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) improves time to treatment failure (TTF), complete remission (C
To elucidate possible mechanisms behind the endocrine control of parr-smolt transformation, the daily plasma profiles in thyroid hormones (TH; free thyroxine (FT(4)), total thyroxine (TT(4)), and total 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (TT(3))), growth hormone (GH) and cortisol were studied in Atlantic salmon parr and smolts under simulated-natural winter (8 L:16D) and spring (16.5 L:7.5D) photoperiods, res
When developing products, engineering designers often face the problem that their candidate for a technical solution, ranging from a concept to a detailed design, needs to be analyzed by a design analyst before it is approved or rejected and the engineering designer can continue his/her activities within the product development process. If engineering designers have to send every solution candidat
Fashion and retail ought to be a happy marriage. Yet several entrepreneurs in the field of fashion speak of a climate that is difficult to penetrate because of economic and cultural factors. For example, the chain store concept is an expression of the specific and current fashion situation in Sweden: democratic fashion that is cheap and accessible. At the same time, customers now demand personal,
