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Popular Abstract in Swedish Det är allmänt accepterat att kreativa individer är resultatet av deras sociala miljö. I denna bok görs analysen ett steg djupare och det visas att kreativa individer är resultatet av inte bara en utan flera miljöer. Med hjälp av den tidsgeografiska metoden studeras hur individer passerar genom olika vetenskapliga miljöer, vilket gradvis formar dem till nobelpristagare.It is a largely accepted fact that creative individuals are products of their social environment. This book takes the concept further and builds upon the hypothesis that in most cases a creative individual is the result of not just one, but several environments. Using the time-geographical method it studies how individuals passing through different environments are shaped into future Nobel Prize l

Popular Abstract in Swedish SAMMANFATTNING PÅ SVENSKA (Swedish summary) Ultraljud används sedan 1970-talet rutinmässigt under graviditet. Undersökningen görs vanligen vid 17-18 graviditetsveckor och syftet med undersökningen är att datera graviditeten dvs bestämma tiden för beräknad förlossning. Man upptäcker också eventuella tvillingar vid denna undersökning. Redan tidigt visade det sig att visWe studied the prenatal detection rate of various malformations during a study period of 16 years in a population in southern Sweden consisting of 141 240 deliveries. The overall detection rate was 28.4% and the false positive diagnoses were very few. We studied the effect of prenatal diagnosis on the rate of spina bifida in southern Sweden compared with the rest of the country and could show tha

Background: Patients with possible radiation induced cancer could be used to study if the rate of tumour cell proliferation is related to latency time. Such a finding could help researcher to find time periods when other initiating risk factors operate. Methods: Seventeen women with breast cancer, with a prior history of radiation treatment towards the parts or the whole breast, exclusive of the p

BACKGROUND: Although hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is recognized as an important causative factor in the development of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular cancer (HCC), the strength of this correlation has been difficult to confirm in low-prevalence areas. METHODS: Stored serum samples from 987 consecutive (1978-88) patients with chronic liver disease were tested with an enzyme-linked immunoso

Some patients with hearing impairment cannot use conventional hearing aids. One solution for these patients is the use of bone conduction hearing aids; however, this kind of equipment is associated with several problems related to the necessity for a good contact between the transducer and the temporal bone. Direct bone contact would be an ideal solution provided that safe and reaction-free skin p

Background: COMP (Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein) is a matrix protein, which is currently studied as a potential serum marker for cartilage processes in osteoarthritis (OA). The influence of physical exercise on serum COMP is not fully elucidated. The objective of the present study was to monitor serum levels of COMP during a randomised controlled trial of physical exercise vs. standardised r

To improve the prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer, new biomarkers are required for earlier, pre-symptomatic diagnosis. Epigenetic mutations take place at the earliest stages of tumorigenesis and therefore offer new approaches for detecting and diagnosing disease. Nucleosomes are the repeating subunits of DNA and histone proteins that constitute human chromatin. Because of their release i

Mutations in NPM1 can be used for minimal residual disease (MRD) analysis in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We here applied a newly introduced method, deep sequencing, allowing for simultaneous analysis of all recurrent NPM1 insertions and thus constituting an attractive alternative to multiple PCRs for the clinical laboratory. We retrospectively used deep sequencing for measurement of MRD pre- and

The mechanisms of protein folding and aggregation are investigated by computer simulations of all-atom and reduced models with sequence-based potentials. A quasi local Monte Carlo update is developed in order to efficiently sample proteins in the folded phase. A small helical protein, the B-domain of staphylococcal protein A, is studied using a reduced model. In the thermodynamically favoured topo

Design has received increased attention not least of all in the business press and journals. The concept of design thinking – how to approach problems in a designerly way – is sometimes attributed as being the savior of business, making companies creative and innovative. This kind of exaggeration does more harm than good to industrial design consultancies (IDCs) and their client firms (CFs). And y

Popular Abstract in Swedish Proteiner är stora kedjelika molekyler som syntetiseras i cellen med utgångspunkt från arvsmassan, DNA. I alla organismer har proteinerna en mängd uppgifter som kan sträcka sig allt ifrån att vara byggnadsmaterial i senor och bindväv till att fungera som avancerade molekylära maskiner i organismens energiomsättning. I stor utsträckning reglerar olika proteiner också bilAbstract. This thesis describes factors that are rate limiting for the folding of two small proteins, U1A and CI2 which fold without accumulating intermediates. The [GdnHCl] dependencies of the unfolding- and refolding kinetics of U1A display downward curvatures. However, as the curvatures are precisely matched and no indications of formation of partially structured intermediates are seen, the fol

Background: We analyzed the hypoallergenic potential of a recently bred apple selection with unusually low content of Mal d 1, using an oral challenge model with three additional apple cultivars for comparison. Methods: Sixty-six birch pollen-allergic individuals with a history of oral allergy syndrome after apple intake were subjected to a double-blind oral provocation with two apple cultivars (B

Sensitive and non-intrusive detection of gas-phase methanol with high spatial and temporal resolution has for the first time been reported using mid-infrared degenerate four-wave mixing (IR-DFWM). IR-DFWM spectra of methanol have been successfully recorded in nitrogen-diluted gas flows at room temperature and at 300 A degrees C, by probing ro-vibrational transitions belonging to the fundamental C-

We study theoretically the effect of inter-habitat migration on the distribution of population sizes between two habitats, and compare this distribution with the expected ideal free distribution (IFD). Whenever emigration from the two habitats is asymmetric, or when there is a survival cost during migration, the resulting equilibrium distribution of population sizes deviates from the IFD. This res

Joints in timber structures are particularly vulnerable to degradation due to their tendency to trap moisture. The mechanisms involved, and their effect on the moisture conditions of wood, are here investigated numerically. The horizontal member of a rail and post-type configuration is modelled numerically by a two-dimensional diffusion model with material properties for Norway spruce. Contact are

Background: Following reversal of short periods of ureteral obstruction (UO), glomerular and tubular renal dysfunction recovers with time. Diabetes mellitus (DM) affects glomerular function; thus, the ability of diabetic kidneys to recover from UO may be impaired. This study investigated the effects of long-term DM on the recovery of glomerular and tubular function, as well as permeability of the

A spin-echo single-shot echo-planar imaging (SS-EPI) technique with a reduced field of view (FOV) in the phase-encoding direction is presented that simultaneously reduces susceptibility effects and motion artifacts in diffusion-weighted (DW) imaging (DWI) of the spinal cord at a high field strength (3T). To minimize aliasing, an outer volume suppression (OVS) sequence was implemented. Effective fa

Liquid crystalline cubic phase nanoparticles (known as Cubosome), based on glycerol monooleate and stabilized by a nonionic block copolymer (Pluronic F-127), adsorb intact on hydrophilic silica in the presence of an electrolyte, except at high pH. To characterize the nature of the interaction, four techniques were applied in situ: fluorescence microscopy, quartz crystal microbalance with dissipati