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Hosts can in principle employ two different strategies to defend themselves against parasites: resistance and tolerance. Animals typically exhibit considerable genetic variation for resistance (the ability to limit parasite burden). However, little is known about whether animals can evolve tolerance (the ability to limit the damage caused by a given parasite burden). Using rodent malaria in labora

The objective of this paper is to investigate how the combustion chamber design will influence combustion parameters and emissions in a natural gas SI engine. Ten different geometries were tried on a converted Volvo TD102 engine. For the different combustion chambers emissions and the pressure in the cylinder have been measured. The pressure in the cylinder was then used in a one-zone heat-releas

Thermal radiation sometimes is the dominating heat transfer mode in combustion chambers and furnaces and therefore in the design of many relevant industrial facilities prediction of it is necessary. During previous years many research efforts in the radiative heat transfer field have originated and many methods and models from simple to complex have been developed. However, the field is still open

The basic ideas of k(t)-factorization and CCFM parton evolution is discussed. The unintegrated gluon densities, obtained from CCFM fits to the proton structure function data at HERA are used to predict hadronic final state cross-sections like jet production at HERA, but also comparisons with recent measurements of heavy quark production at the Tevatron are presented. Finally, the k(t)-factorizatio

New strategies for prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D) require improved insight into disease etiology. We analyzed 386,731 common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 1464 patients with T2D and 1467 matched controls, each characterized for measures of glucose metabolism, lipids, obesity, and blood pressure. With collaborators (FUSION and WTCCC/UKT2D), we identified and confirmed

A non-associated plasticity theory for granular materials has been developed in Part 1 based on the concept of a characteristic stress state of vanishing incremental dilation. The model is fully three-dimensional and is defined by six material parameters: two for elastic stiffness, one for plastic stiffness, two for the shapes of yield and plastic potential surfaces and one for the dilation at fai

We present an experimental comparison of magnetoconductance fluctuations measured in the ballistic, quasiballistic, and diffusive scattering regimes of semiconductor devices. In contradiction to expectations, we show that the spectral content of the magnetoconductance fluctuations exhibits an identical fractal behavior for these scattering regimes and that this behavior is remarkably insensitive t

Two hundred apparently healthy sexually active women, 17-34 years of age, who had presented for a general health check-up at the Clinic of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University, Plovdiv, Bulgaria, were asked about genital symptoms, sexual behaviour, contraceptive use and smoking habits, and examined for signs of genital infections. They were searched for genital chlamydial infection, gon

The use of water mist for fire extinguishment has increased rapidly in recent years. The main reason is the abandonment of halon-based extinguishing systems in favour of environmentally friendlier systems. Furthermore the use of water mist systems has spread from mainly marine applications to also include the protection of buildings. The main problem in this regard is to verify the effectiveness o

In this article we address the problem of projective reconstruction of structure and motion given only image data. In particular we investigate three novel minimal combinations of points and lines over three views, and give complete solutions and reconstruction methods for two of these cases: 'four points and three lines in three views', and 'two points and six lines in three views'. We show that

The high cost of photovoltaic modules motivates the use of reflectors to increase the electricity production. The system geometry of static low-concentrating PV systems for building-integration with parabolic aluminium reflectors was optimised for maximum annual electricity production. The optical efficiency of systems with different geometries was calculated from short-circuit current measurement

This article reports on a multiblock implementation of a general three-dimensional single-block computational fluid dynamics code, which is developed in a nonorthogonal, structured, collocated finite-volume grid system, and incorporates a range of turbulence models. The multiblock implementation is essentially block-unstructured, each block having its own local coordinate system unrelated to those

Popular Abstract in Swedish Denna avhandling behandlar den process där man beräknar undervattensströmmar från ljud som reflekteras från en utsänd ljudpuls, precis som när en fladdermus bedömer omgivningen genom att lyssna på ekot. En ton skickas ut under en kort tid, och det Dopplerskift som uppkommer från rörliga föremål i vattnet kan sedan omsättas till vattenhastiget eller ström. Föremål som röThis thesis deals with the process of estimating underwater current from the backscattering signal transmitted from an ultrasonic transducer. The narrowband sinusoidal burst signal is Doppler-shifted due to the current, and this information is converted into current. The traditional mathematical model for this Doppler process is based on the assumption that the backscattering time signal is Gaussi

The COST/IWA benchmark simulation model has been available for seven years. Its primary purpose has been to create a platform for control strategy benchmarking of biological wastewater treatment processes. The fact that the benchmark has resulted in more than 100 publications, not only in Europe but also worldwide, demonstrates the interest for such a tool in the research community. In this paper,

The aim of this paper is to propose a framework for the evaluation of policy instruments designed to affect development and dissemination of new energy technologies. The evaluation approach is based on the analysis of selected outcome indicators describing the process of technical change, i.e. the development and dissemination of new energy technologies, on the basis of a socio-technical systems a

In this article we describe and analyse a system for rewarding excellence in university teaching developed at the Faculty of Engineering at Lund University in Sweden. Individual teachers are rewarded for the effort they invest in the support of student learning. However, it is the organization that establishes a reward system and it does so for developmental purposes. These two purposes, individua

The objective of this study is to analyze whether the trend towards operating on patients with less severe primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) than earlier is reflected in a change of preoperative presentation and surgical outcome.