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Popular Abstract in Swedish Ljusets minsta kända beståndsdelar kallas fotoner. Enligt kvantmekaniken har dessa egenskaper som normalt förknippas med vågor och samtidigt sådana egenskaper som normalt förknippas med partiklar. Partikelegenskaperna tar sig uttryck i att den minsta mängd ljus som går att mäta är den mängd som motsvaras av en foton. Vågegenskaperna, å andra sidan, visar sig i interfereIn this thesis, aspects of the use of cryogenically cooled rare-earth-ion-doped crystals in the fields of quantum optics and quantum information processing are addressed. The experiments and theoretical considerations referred to in this thesis are based on the coherent transient interaction between light and the ions in the crystals. A photon echo experiment has been performed where faint optica

Horizontal movement of liquid containers is a common operation in an industrial packaging machine. During the movement the acceleration of the container induces motion of the liquid within the container, this is referred to as liquid slosh or liquid vibration. If there is too much slosh the liquid might wet the sealing surfaces of the container and even contaminate the machine. There is no measure

The present thesis mainly focuses on the numerical simulation of the turbulent flow field and acoustics developed in different industrial applications. The study covers a large range of Mach numbers, starting from incompressible regimes and ending with a fully compressible flow. In the first part of the thesis, several computations of an incompressible flow, are performed in order to study the be

Cryptosystems based on Learning with Errors or related problems are central topics in recent cryptographic research. One main witness to this is the NIST Post-Quantum Cryptography Standardization effort. Many submitted proposals rely on problems related to Learning with Errors. Such schemes often include the possibility of decryption errors with some very small probability. Some of them have a som

Conformational entropies are of great interest when studying the binding of small ligands to proteins or the interaction of proteins. Unfortunately, there are no experimental methods available to measure conformational entropies of all groups in a protein. Instead, they are normally estimated from molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, although such methods show problems with convergence and correla

Att ersätta ändliga resurser med förnybara alternativ är en av mänsklighetens största utmaningar i modern tid. Utsläpp av växthusgaser orsakade av mänsklig civilisation behöver minska, och nya forskningsbaserade lösningar är nödvändiga för att åstadkomma långsiktigt hållbar tillväxt. I denna omställning kan biomassa från växter spela en viktig roll. Växtbiomassa består mestadels av socker som sittβ-Mannanases are a major type of enzyme involved in the hydrolysis and modification of β-mannans, a hemicellulose present in high amounts in e.g. softwoods such as spruce. The β-mannanases studied in this thesis belong to glycoside hydrolase (GH) families GH5 and GH26. In addition to hydrolysis, some β-mannanases can also catalyze transglycosylation whereby another molecule (acceptor) is transferr

Purpose: The aim of this planned study is to evaluate the ability of a cranial microwave scanner in conjunction with nine brain biomarkers (Aβ40, Aβ42, GFAP, H-FABP, S100B, NF-L, NSE, UCH-L1 and IL-10) to detect and rule out traumatic intracranial hemorrhage in an emergency department setting. Traumatic brain injury is a world-wide topic of interest for researchers and clinicians. It affects 2% of

Gambella is one of the regional states in Ethiopia where huge tracts of land have been leased out to domestic and international investors since the global food, fuel and financial crisis of 2007/2008. The Gambella region is also one of the most marginalized regions in Ethiopia. It has been alienated from the central politics and socio-economic activities of the state. In the past, the Gambella reg

Background and aims: Children with extremely low-birth weight (ELBW) have a high risk for cognitive, motor, and attention impairments and learning disabilities. Longitudinal follow-up studies to a later age are needed in order to increase understanding of the changes in neurodevelopmental trajectories in targeting timely intervention. The aims of this study were to investigate cognitive and motor

Turbulent breakup in emulsification devices is a dynamic process. Small viscous drops undergo a sequence of oscillations before entering the monotonic deformation phase leading to breakup. The turbulence-interface interactions prior to reaching critical deformation are therefore essential for understanding and modeling breakup. This contribution uses numerical experiments to characterize the criti

This book brings together several outstanding authors in the field and covers questions relating to the fundamental milestones in technology development and governance (Judit Sandor), an analysis of disability questions and empowerment of the community (Pin Lean Lau), right to health opportunities and challenges (Anne Kjersti Befring), the protection of the right to private life and life (Merel M.

Concerns about the environmental effects of the ‘throwaway society’ are increasingly influencing policy-making and regulatory action in the EU. The Seventh Environment Action Programme, which aims to guide European environmental policy, sets out a long-term vision for the EU that requires a major shift in the way economic activities are conducted: In 2050, we live well, within the planet’s ecologi

The aim of this study was to examine what junior and intermediate level school teachers con-sider to be their responsibility in regards to actively paying attention to children who are vic-tims of domestic physical and/or psychological violence. The approach of the study was quali-tative with semi-structured interviews. Five junior and intermediate level school teachers from two different schools

Today, Sweden is experiencing a significant pressure on the housing market. Most of the municipalities are facing a housing shortage, and the problem is especially acute in metropolitan regions. Currently, Sweden has one of the highest levels of urbanization in the EU and, taking into consideration the rising population, the lack of housing has become a national issue. Lund is a university town a

This study investigates which possible incremental solutions there are for reducing the emissions of greenhouse gases from the largest sources of emissions in Danish agriculture and they are implemented by national measures. This is important because Denmark is required to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions from the sectors that are not part of the European Emission Trade System with 39% by 203

På Volvo Construction Equipments produktionssite i Braås tillverkas olika varianter av dumprar. Produktionen på siten ligger i framkant men i ett av produktionsavsnitten har det inte skett några förändringar på många år. Uppdraget var därför att ta fram ett underlag till ledningen för möjliga investeringar samt förbättringar inom produktionsavsnittet. I uppdraget ingick även att undersöka hur en mAt the Volvo Construction Equipment site in Braås, different kinds of articulated haulers are being produced. The production is in the forefront of its kind but one of the sections of the production has not seen any changes in many years. This thesis aims to present a decision basis to Vovlo for future investments and how the section should develop their future work. The thesis also aims to presen

Habitat fragmentation is a common problem in relation with road infrastructure which leads to mortality, isolation of animal populations, and has a negative effect on biodiversity. Animal crossings have been implemented in many countries and are a useful tool to mitigate these problems but they are expensive to build. This thesis explores the methodological approaches used to evaluate how wildlife

Framtagning av skyfallsplaner har blivit en allt vanligare del i kommuners arbete med klimatanpassning. För att klarlägga konsekvenserna av ett skyfall kan man göra en ytavrinningsmodell. Den är även värdefull för att de ekonomiska insatser som svenska kommuner och myndigheter lägger på översvämningsåtgärder ska användas på framgångsrika lösningar. En ytavrinningsmodell gör det möjligt att beräkna

År 2025 har Sverige som mål att vara det bästa landet i världen på att utnyttja möjligheterna med digitalisering av vården. Ett sätt att digitalisera sjukvården är genom användningen av uppkopplade hälsoenheter och patient-insamlad hälsodata. Än så länge har forskningen fokuserat på användningsområden för kroniker, och där är man eniga i de stora fördelarna. Däremot är användningsområden och förde