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Divine sovereignty (ḥākimiyya)—as conceived by Abū al-A‘lā Mawdūdī (1903–79) and popularised by Sayyid Quṭb (1906–66) - has been a central component of Islamist thought. This article investigates the reception of the concept within Shi‘i Islam. As case studies, the article choses two prominent actors in the formative period of Shi‘i Islamism in Iraq: Muḥammad Bāqir al-Ṣadr (1935–80) and Muḥammad T
BACKGROUND: The incidence of cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) and melanoma in situ (MIS) has been increasing during the last 50 years. Malignant melanoma (MM) is also the most common intraocular malignancy (IMM). Besides ultraviolet radiation, the cause of these tumours is largely unknown.OBJECTIVES: We designed a study to examine the effect of body mass index (BMI) and tobacco use on the risk f
Background: Atopic eczema (also known as eczema) is a chronic, inflammatory skin condition that often afflicts patients’ health and well-being. The Harmonising Outcome Measures for Eczema (HOME) initiative recommends that ‘long-term control of eczema’ is measured in all clinical trials 3 months or longer in duration. However, little has been published on what eczema control means to those living w
This study investigated the dosimetric impact of uncompensated motion and motion compensation with dynamic multileaf collimator (DMLC) tracking for prostate intensity modulated arc therapy. Two treatment approaches were investigated; a conventional approach with a uniform radiation dose to the target volume and an intraprostatic lesion (IPL) boosted approach with an increased dose to a subvolume o
Arbetsmarknaden och yrkesstrukturen förändrats mot allt större mångfald, vilket även visar sig i de möjligheter och begränsningar som olika yrken ställer på de yrkesverksamma. Uppsatsens syfte är att undersöka hur ett av dagens yrken, de statligt organiserade arbetsförmedlarna, har utvecklats och vad yrket innebär för de yrkesverksamma. Den huvudsakliga metoden har varit dokument studien. Undersök
The current healthcare system in Sweden suffers from major problems when it comes cost-efficiency and delivery of healthcare services. Unsustainable increase in healthcare cost over the past few decades has led to that Government funding is no longer keeping pace with increasing demand and complexity. There a several ways to address this issue, one is to implement a new healthcare delivery model w
This report elaborates on the renovation of residential housing development from Danish modernism built between the 1930s and late 1950s. The period represents a significant moment in the history of Danish architecture. Modernist ideas gained ground in the housing sector and secured attractive and healthy living conditions for Danish working- and middle-class people. The most renowned architects w
Den sociala marknadsekonomi som eftersträvas inom EU har sin grund i begrepp som konkurrenskraft, välfärd och innovation. Just innovation anses utgöra en viktig och dynamisk del av marknaden genom att främja fri konkurrens. Patentpooler har av många ansetts vara ett gott medel för att gynna innovation och dessa utgör därmed en viktig spelare på den fria marknaden. Patentpoolen innebär i grunden etThe market economy sought within the European Union is based on concepts such as competitiveness, welfare, and innovation. Innovation is, in particular, considered to be an important and dynamic part of the market by promoting competition. The patent pool is based on an arrangement between competitors. Anyone who has become acquainted with competition law is well aware of its critical attitude tow
Sedan 1971 års fullföljdsreform har HD tjänat som en närmast renodlad prejudikatinstans. Som rättskälla har prejudikaten fått en ökad betydelse. Men hur rättstillämparen ska förhålla sig till prejudikatet som rättskälla är en fortsatt oklarhet. Uppsatsen syftar att tydliggöra för just detta, med särskilt fokus på frågan om prejudikatsbundenhet. Framställningen utgår från premissen att gällande rSince 1971 the Swedish Supreme Court has had the main task of leading the judiciary, through its precedents. As a source of law, precedents also have become increasingly more important. However, it’s still unclear how a precedent act as a source of law in relation to the judge. The thesis aims to clarify this issue, with special focus on precedents’ binding effect. The premise is that the general
Syftet med denna uppsats är att utreda på vilka grunder ett moderbolag kan hållas ansvarig för sitt dotterbolags miljöfarliga verksamhet. Utöver detta så ska gällande rätt på området studeras med syfte att utreda om rättsläget är att betrakta som tillfredsställande eller om det finns ett behov av lagändring. Uppsatsen är av såväl miljörättslig som associationsrättslig karaktär. Miljörättsligt såThe purpose with this study is to examine on what grounds a parent company can be held responsible for pollution caused by its subsidiaries. To reach the purpose, the study will focus on illustrating the difficulties that can arise when applying the concepts of operator and piercing the corporate veil when a corporate group relationship is present. The purpose is also to examine whether establishe
På Galgbackens vattenanläggning i Hässleholm tillämpas bassängsinfiltration genom återinfiltration av grundvatten i en isälvsavlagring. Syftet är att kunna leverera dricksvatten med god kvalitet till konsumenterna. Grundvattnet tas från brunnar i Ignaberga och Tyringe och återinfiltreras i isälvsavlagringen. Syftet med detta examenstarbete är att genom en spårämnesstudie undersöka uppehållstid och
Fulltext är ej tillgänglig i elektronisk form. För lån/kopia av tryckt uppsats kontakta Medicinska fakultetens bibliotek, Lunds universitet
Idén till det här examensarbetet föddes när vi tillsammans tillbringade en termin i London för snart tre år sedan. Vi bodde nära Hackney City Farm, en stadsbondgård i östra London. Ett stenkast från bullrande vägar och röda dubbeldäckare fanns får, kor, getter, åsnor, höns och grisar mitt i stan. Vi blev berörda och fascinerade av närheten mellan djur och människa i en urban miljö. I vårt examensInitially the idea for this thesis was born when we spent a semester together in London about three years ago. We lived close to Hackney City Farm, in the heart of eastern London. Within a stone’s throw from noisy roads and red double-deckers there were sheep, cows, goats, hens and pigs right in the middle of the city. We were fascinated and inspired by the closeness of animals and humans in a ver
Background & Purpose: Radiation therapy is an essential treatment for cancer patients with the ultimate goal to deliver radiation doses to the tumour with precision while minimizing exposure to surrounding healthy tissues. Treatment verification is crucial to ensure the accuracy of radiation delivery, for instance by measuring the radiation dose distribution. Among various dosimetry techniques
This thesis evaluates the potential for machine guidance in winter road maintenance. The proposed benefits would be a reduction in material- or time needs. It should also reduce accidents with benefits for both property damages and personal injuries. The work methods and organisational structure of winter road maintenance is described through literature studies and interviews. The interviews are d
The aroma components of herbs and spices are very sensitive to heat, complicating their drying process. Until now, exporters of dried herbs face the challenge of low total phenolic contents and efforts are constantly being made to improve the drying efficiency of herbs and conserve their aroma. This thesis looks at the influence of extracellular trehalose impregnated by vacuum impregnation (VI) an
Infektionssjukdomar är en av världens största globala risker. För att kontrollera spridningen av barnsjukdomar i Sverige vaccineras barn enligt det allmänna barnvaccinationsprogrammet. Programmet är integrerat i den svenska barnhälsovårdens basprogram och administreras av barnavårdscentraler (BVC). Den svenska vaccinationstäckningen är hög, nära 100 procent. Det finns dock föräldrar som är oroliga
The study of relationship between well-being and living space is an actively expanding field across psychology, anthropology, history, archeology, architecture, interior design and philosophy. The human condition in relation to environmental factors has several scientific conclusions in terms of physical effect and mental health – green foliage, sunlight, certain proportions and ergonomic conditio
