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The aims of this study were to investigate the association between smoking and incident type 2 diabetes, accounting for a large number of potential confounding factors, and to explore potential effect modifiers and intermediate factors.

Objective: The aim of this article is to present the Swedish and Norwegian Testicular Cancer Group (SWENOTECA), with an emphasis on the history of SWENOTECA, organization, results and current status. Materials and methods: SWENOTECA was founded in 1981 as a binational organization open to hospitals in Sweden and Norway treating testicular cancer. It has since published treatment protocols for test

The Eurasian spruce bark beetle, Ips typographus, is one of the major forest insect pests in Europe, capable of mass-attacking and killing mature Norway spruce trees. The initiation and development of a new generation are strongly controlled by temperature and a warmer climate may affect the number of generations that is produced per year and hence the outbreak dynamics. Experimental knowledge reg

Plant canopies affect the canopy micrometeorology, and thereby alter canopy exchange processes. For the simulation of these exchange processes on a regional or global scale, large-scale vegetation models often assume homogeneous environmental conditions within the canopy. In this study, we address the importance of vertical variations in light, temperature, CO2 concentration and humidity within th

beta-1,4-Gatactosyltransferase 7 (beta 4GalT7) is an essential enzyme in the biosynthesis of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains of proteoglycans (PGs). Mammalian cells produce PGs, which are involved in biological processes such as cell growth and differentiation. The PGs consist of a core protein, with one or several GAG chains attached. Both the structure of the PGs and the GAG chains, and the expre

Because of the use of agricultural land for wine production and the frequent use of copper (Cu)-based fungicides, Cu concentration has been increasing in soils in many parts of the world. In vineyards with acid parent materials, low soil pH may also encourage Cu toxicity, but it is common to use lime in order to increase the soil pH and improve crop yields. Thus, vineyard soils may have large vari

The Sri Lanka Muslim Congress (SLMC) has been a part of the Sri Lankan parliament since 1989 and in recent year scholars have noticed ?the Muslim factor? in Sri Lankan politics. Earlier research has concentrated on the conflict in Sri Lanka and its effects on the Muslim community. The present thesis focuses on the SLMC's organization and speeches in parliament. The aim of this thesis is to ana

Uppsatsens analysområde är yttre drivkrafter bakom den regionala integrationen inom Southern African Development Community, SADC. Drivkrafterna som behandlas präglas av EU: s biståndspolitik och de krav som följer med biståndet. Med hjälp av systemteorin neorealism och den kritiska teorin konstruktivism undersöks faktorer som ligger bakom den politik EU för och de givarvillkor som ställs på motta

As growing populations concentrate in urban areas, it has become apparent that many global problems are a cumulative reflection of unsustainable practices at the local level. Correspondingly, there has been an increasing need to monitor and manage sustainable community growth, which includes a balance of environmental, economic, health, and social measures. Throughout the last decade, the communi

This thesis aims to offer insights into the initiation and development of modern (rural) bioenergy systems. For this reason, the thesis explores the formation, evolution and regional effects of three bioenergy projects ? a biodiesel cooperative, a biomass district heating plant and a biogas plant ? that are co-located within the small rural community of Mureck, in Austria. It finds that the three

The basin of the Poopó Lake, situated on the Bolivian high plateau, is severely contaminated by the mineral extraction and processing activities within the area. Many rivers in the area contain high concentrations of arsenic, lead and cadmium both in the water and the sediment phase. Moreover, huge amounts of mineral waste are situated in the area. In this study the environmental conditions of thr

When the rural Aymara migrate to El Alto they experience a cultural alienation as their culture and identity is contested by the global influences and western values of the city. The migrants have to reconstruct their identity in a process of identity-formation, which can be located on a range between the opposing tendencies of assimilation and revalorization. Revalorization or to revalue, is to a

The technological revolution that has taken place during the past three decades and global deregulations of financial markets have put big MNCs in a unique position. These firms no longer need to produce where markets are located but can move and seek cost advantages throughout the world. Stopford and Strange account for the only extensive study of how these changes have affected the relations be

The intention of the present thesis is to describe Chinese outward direct investment on a macro level both as a global phenomenon and specifically in relation to Thailand. Thailand is considered a ?safe haven? for the Chinese in South East Asia. According to MOFCOM the country is the biggest recipient of Chinese FDI in the region.The motives and investment incentive factors of these investors are

The aim of this paper is to examine the type of relations existing between the state and civil society in Japan. The main concern of the researcher was to discover particular cases where NGOs have been successful in influencing governmental policies. The paper presents a case study of two contemporary organizations, Japan Platform and IMADR, which have similar spheres of activities but can be dist

HR indicators are increasingly used as a method for analysis in the work with human rights. However, the concept of HR indicators is often subject to confusion due to the lack of a common and universal theoretical framework. This study focuses on the elaboration of HR indicators for state reporting within the UN treaty monitoring bodies and argues that an extended and more coherent use of HR indic