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Past research on the determinants of voter turnout have focused on the socioeconomic conditions of electorates, institutional environments and electoral systems of countries. A neglected area of research has been the relationship between voter turnout and welfare expenditure. This paper examines the relationship between voter turnout and welfare expenditure within and between 31 OECD member countr
The Rheology of asphalt binders is crucial for the function and durability of road pavements. In the American road concept Superpave, which has been in use for about 20 years, old empirical methods has been replaced with a rheological measurement technology in the form of DSR. With this technology, the functional properties of binders are described in basic rheological terms. The department of Tec
Att litteratur och musik hänger ihop är ingen nyhet. Homeros epos Odyssén och Illiaden bestod av sånger, inte böcker, och än idag använder vi ordet lyrik – orden som sjungs till lyrans musik – som synonym för poesi. Att i prosa låta musiken vara ett betydelsefullt objekt, eller ett agerande subjekt, är visserligen lika gammalt – tänk på sirenernas sång som gjorde Odysseus vanvettig av åtrå – men d
The characterization of the incident photon beam is usually divided into its dependence on collimator setting (head-scatter factor) and off-axis position (primary off-axis ratio). These parameters are normally measured "in air" with a build-up cap, thick enough to generate full dose build-up at the depth of dose maximum. In order to prevent any influence from contaminating electrons, it
I dag får en stor del av alla cancerpatienter strålbehandling. Den joniserade strålningen har mycket hög energi och ambitionen är att slå ut hela tumören samtidigt som man skonar den omgivande friska vävnaden i största möjliga mån. Efter bestrålning reparerar cellerna sig till stor del. Eftersom friska celler reparerar sig i högre utsträckning än tumörceller, delar man upp behandlingen i flera beh"Purpose: To find the optimal correction strategy to decrease the set-up errors for pelvic patients at the Department of Radiation Physics at the Finsen Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital. Materials and methods: Using electronic portal imaging devise (EPID), 765 portal images from 17 patients, treated for bladder-, rectum-, anus- or gynecologic-carcinoma were aquired. The patients had th
Under vissa typer av operationer, till exempel då kärlen kring hjärtat opereras, använder sig läkare av en speciell typ av röntgenmaskin för att orientera sig inuti kroppen, så kallad genomlysning. För att undgå att öppna upp bröstkorgen på patienten går läkarna in med små verktyg i kärlen via ljumskarna och upp till hjärtat. Eftersom läkarna står så nära patienten träffar en del av strålningen de"Background: Cataract (opacity of the lens of the eye) has always been thought of as a deterministic effect. That is, that there is a threshold dose below which damage does not occur. However, recent studies suggest a lower threshold and the question whether there is any threshold at all has been raised. One situation that leads to special concern, if this turns out to be the case, is during
Under artonhundratalet samlades hundratals studenter från de olika nordiska universiteten till så kallade studentmöten, under vilka de tillsammans manifesterade sin tro på ett enat Skandinavien, i samma anda som de nationella rörelserna i exempelvis Tyskland vid samma tid. Förvånansvärt nog har dessa studentmöten inte blivit lika uppmärksammade inom den svenska historieskrivningen som exempelvis d
The purpose of this study was to examine the socio-economic problems faced by urban refugees with a case study of Kampala Uganda. Under this topic, participants were asked why they live in unrecognized areas, why they never lived in settlements and why urban refugees are not visible to humanitarian agencies. The study went ahead to investigate the socio-economic problems refugees were facing as we
En slitsmur är en geokonstruktion som utförs genom att paneler platsgjuts med marken som form. Panelerna bildar tillsammans en samverkande vägg. Tekniken är vanlig utomlands men fortfarande relativt ovanlig i Sverige. Behovet, och därmed intresset, av slitsmurar i Sverige växer dock i takt med förtätningen av städer och infrastrukturprojekt som kräver djup schaktning och anläggning. Kraven på låg A diaphragm wall is a retaining wall which is produced as a cast in-situ concrete wall. The ground itself acts as formwork. The technique is widely used internationally but it is comparably still a rare technique in Sweden. However, the need, and therefore interest in Sweden for diaphragm walls is growing as the number of inner city infrastructure projects requiring deep excavations increases. The
Limited partnerships etablerade i Jersey, Guernsey eller England är kom-plexa, avtalskonstruerade fonder. Fonden sådana partnerskap bildar står på kontraktsrättslig grund, ett avtal mellan partnerskapets parter att verka för ett gemensamt ändamål – att förvärva andelar i onoterade bolag i syfte att generera avkastning på insatt kapital. Dessa brittiska partnerskap uppfyller inte rekvisiten i inkomLimited partnerships established in Jersey, Guernsey or England are com-plex, contractually constructed funds. The fund such partnerships form is based on a contractual basis, an agreement between the parties to the part-nership to operate for a common purpose – to acquire shares in unlisted companies in order to generate a return on the capital invested. These UK partnerships do not meet the crit
The cysteine proteases are enzymes found in every kingdom of life. Clan CA is the largest of the cysteine protease clans, with members all displaying a Cys/His/Asn(Asp) catalytic triad responsible for hydrolysing the peptide bond within the substrate. To regulate the activity of the proteases, another group of proteins act as natural inhibitors (cysteine protease inhibitors) and bind to the protea
In 131I SPECT, image quality and quantification accuracy are degraded by object scatter as well as scatter and penetration in the collimator. The characterization of energy and spatial distributions of scatter and penetration performed in this study by Monte Carlo simulation will be useful for the development and evaluation of techniques that compensate for such events in 131I imaging. METHODS: Fi
The reaction between galena powder and ethylxanthate ions has been studied in aqueous solution. Qualitative analysis of the compounds present on the galena surfaces before and after treatment with potassium ethylxanthate has been performed by means of diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) spectroscopy. Atomic absorption spectrophotometry has been used to determine the total lead c
The characterization of the incident photon beam is usually divided into its dependence on collimator setting (head-scatter factor) and off-axis position (primary off-axis ratio). These parameters are normally measured "in air" with a build-up cap thick enough to generate full dose build-up at the depth of dose maximum. In order to prevent any influence from contaminating electrons, it has been re
The effect of various deposition techniques, electrode materials and posttreatment with tetrabutylammonium and tetrabutylphosphonium salts on the electrochemical behavior and stability of various Prussian blue (PB) modified electrodes, namely PB modified glassy carbon electrodes, silicate-film supported PB modified glassy carbon electrodes, PB-doped silicate glassy carbon electrodes, PB modified c
Popular Abstract in Swedish Denna avhandling utgör den första delen i en planerad serie på tre rapporter med utgångspunkt i data insamlade läsåret 1993/94 i årskurs 9 vid en grundskola, där det lokala skolprojektet Tonåringens livssituation och livstolkning genomförts i ämnet religionskunskap. Det övergripande syftet med studien är att undersöka vilka centrala livsvärden eleverna ger uttryck för iThis dissertation makes up the first report based on data collected during the project "Teenagers: aspects of their life style and attitudes" (Tonåringens livssituation och livstolkning) in the subject Religious Studies taken by pupils attending Year 9 during the 1993/94 school year. The general aim of the study is to discover the central values of life which pupils hold, as expressed in an essay
This study is ultimately concerned with the attainment of stable peace in international affairs. The notion of stable peace-understood as military conflict resolution being unthinkable, no matter the severity of a conflict-rivals traditional accounts of the logic of international relations. Confidence-certainty as to the intentions of another actor-are at the heart of stable peace relationships. I
Moraxella IgD binding protein (MID) is a novel bacterial outer membrane protein with IgD-binding properties. MID was purified from the respiratory pathogen Moraxella catarrhalis and is here shown to have B cell stimulatory properties. Purified MID in the range of 0.01-0.1 microg/ml was optimal to induce a proliferative response in human PBL. MID coupled to Sepharose and formalin-fixed M. catarrhal
With the exponential growth of the World Wide Web, automated subject classification of Web pages has become a major research issue in information and computer sciences. Organizing Web pages into a hierarchical structure for subject browsing is gaining more recognition as an important tool in information-seeking processes. In this thesis, different automated classification approaches, focusing on
Given the increasing interest in the association between exposure to air pollution and adverse health outcomes, the development of models that provide accurate spatio-temporal predictions of air pollution concentrations at small spatial scales is of great importance when assessing potential health effects of air pollution. The methodology presented here has been developed as part of the Multi-Ethn
