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Partially premixed combustion (PPC) is a hybrid combustion of Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) and Diesel Combustion (DC), which has a great potential in reducing the fuel consumption. PPC has a longer premixed time than DC but lesser than HCCI. Therefore it is more stratified than HCCI. This paper first presents results on how the stratification using multiple injections and differe
Phthalate esters are suspected endocrine disruptors that are found in a wide range of applications. The aim of this study was to determine the excretion of urinary metabolites in 16 individuals after inhalation and/or dermal exposure to 100⁻300 µg/m³ of deuterium-labelled diethyl phthalate (D₄-DEP) and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (D₄-DEHP). Dermal exposure in this study represents a case with clea
Cationic 1,3,5‑triaza‑phosphaadamantane (PTA) quinoline ruthenium(II) and iridium(III) complexes were successfully synthesized and characterized using standard spectroscopic and analytical techniques. The complexes were evaluated for their in vitro antiplasmodial activities against the chloroquine-sensitive (CQS) NF54 and chloroquine-resistant (CQR) K1 strains of the Plasmodium falciparum species
Millimeter-wave (mmWave) frequencies are set to play an important role in fifth-generation (5G) wireless systems. A pre-requisite for the design and performance assessment of 5G wireless is the understanding of the involved propagation processes and derivation of insightful channel models. Unlike bands below 6 GHz, several additional modelling features need to be catered for at mmWaves. For dynami
Planar monopole antennas are popular due to their attractive properties, but their operating mechanisms are still not well understood. Based on image theory, planar monopoles can be analyzed using their dipole counterparts. Here, the bandwidth and radiation pattern of planar dipoles is studied in detail using characteristic mode analysis for different design parameters. The results show that insig
Objectives: To examine the associations between socioeconomic/occupational factors and liver cancer at various anatomic sites (including primary liver, gallbladder and other cancers). Methods: We carried out a follow-up study on the economically active Swedish population, based on the Swedish Family-Cancer Database. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calcu
Almost three out of four EU citizens live in urban areas. Knowledge on the city’s environmental structure and capabilities is needed as urbanization is expected to continue. In this study, eight indicators on urban ecosystems condition (ECIs) were quantified for 305 EU cities (>100.000 inhabitants). A composite indicator (CI), based on the ECIs, indicated differences between northern and southern
OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to determine whether a relationship exists between previous exposure to measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) by natural infection or vaccination or by new immunization with MMR vaccine, and either the presence or levels of autoantibodies against thyroid cell and pancreatic beta-cell antigens. METHODS: Antibodies against MMR and autoantibodies against thyroglobulin,
Purpose: Epidemiologic evidence supports an association between high mammographic density and increased breast cancer risk yet etiologic mechanisms remain largely unknown. Mixed evidence exists as to whether circulating lipid levels influence mammographic density and breast cancer risk. Therefore, we examined these associations in the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS) and Nurses’ Health Study II (NHSII),
An uncommon non-monotonic behavior of the temperature dependence of adiabatic laminar burning velocity has been found in over-rich methane+air flames at equivalence ratio, ϕ = 1.4. To find out the universality and reasons of this turning point, methane, ethane and propane + air flames are studied both experimentally by the heat flux method and numerically using GRI-mech, USC-mech, UCSD-mech, FFCM
In the last 15 years we have seen, as a response to power and thermal limits for current chip technologies, an explosion in the use of multiple and even many computer cores on a single chip. But now, to further improve performance and energy efficiency, when there are potentially hundreds of computing cores on a chip, we see a need for a specialization of individual cores and the development of he
Positioning is an essential feature in Narrow-Band Internet-of-Things (NB-IoT) systems. Observed Time Difference of Arrival is one of the supported positioning techniques for NB-IoT. It utilizes the downlink NB positioning reference signal (NPRS) generated based on a length-31 Gold sequence. Although a Gold sequence has good auto-correlation and cross-correlation properties, the correlation proper
We consider time-of-arrival (ToA) estimation for a device working in narrowband Internet-of-Things (NB-IoT) systems. Due to a limited 180 kHz bandwidth, the time-domain auto-correlation function (ACF) of transmitted NB positioning reference signal (NPRS) has a wide main-lobe. Without considering that, the performance of ToA estimation can be degraded for two reasons. Firstly, the NPRS correspondin
We propose an improvement over a modulus zero-forcing (MZF) detector proposed earlier in [1] for multi-input multi-output (MIMO) detection, namely, the joint MZF (JMZF) detector. The MZF detector provides better detection-performance than a traditional ZF detector through preserving controllable interferences, which are mitigated later by nonlinear modulus arithmetic operation. However, the MZF de
We investigate the importance of weak clusters when modeling a wireless massive MIMO channel. We do this by studying the influence of densely spaced terminals and the number of base-station antennas for a zero-forcing precoded massive MIMO system. In particular, we focus on the influence on the correlation and imbalance between the signals at the terminal antennas, the effective channel-gain, the
In massive MIMO systems the uplink pilot signalstransmitted by a terminal define the channel seen by the basestation. This gives the terminal some degree of freedom selectingan uplink pilot transmission strategy. In this paper, we investigatethe benefit of different pilot transmission strategies when increasingthe number of antennas in the terminal. Building on previouswork on a simulation framewo
The Circumpolar North has been changing rapidly within the last decades, and the socioeconomic systems of the Eurasian Arctic and Siberia in particular have displayed the most dramatic changes. Here, anthropogenic drivers of environmental change such as migration and industrialization are added to climate-induced changes in the natural environment such as permafrost thawing and increased frequency
Advanced combustion such as the partially premixed combustion (PPC) is characterized by high energy efficiency. However, they are sensitive to the inlet condition and injection of a combustion engine. Therefore, it is essential to use combustion feedback. The accuracy of the feedback variables, derived from the cylinder pressure signal, is crucial for effective combustion feedback control. This pa
