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Synthesis of diketopiperazines has been of long-standing interest in both natural product synthesis and medicinal chemistry. Here, we present an operationally convenient and efficient approach to the fused indoline-diketopiperazine tricyclic core of glionitrin A/B and related structures using a Pd-catalyzed C-H activation reaction to form the indoline five-membered ring. Exploratory work aimed at
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is frequently accompanied by reproductive health challenges in females and males alike. Progression of CKD is associated with escalating impairment of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis, which facilitates evolving ovarian, testicular, and sexual dysfunction. Common clinical reproductive health complications in CKD include abnormal menstruation, impaired sexual hea
Entrepreneurial universities (EU) have received much attention over the last few years. Although the well-articulated contributions in the literature, empirical evidence substantiating the EU's disruptive responses in challenging times is scarce (e.g., crises, natural disasters, pandemics, Belic conflicts, or wars). This study theorizes the EU's metamorphosis due to technological/emotional disrupt
Titanium nitride and hafnium oxide stack have been widely used in various resistive memory elements since the materials are complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor compatible. The understanding of the interface properties between the electrode and the oxide is important in designing the memory behavior. To bridge this understanding, HfOx grown using plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD)
Context. Gas giants orbiting close to hot and massive early-type stars can reach dayside temperatures that are comparable to those of the coldest stars. These aultra-hot Jupitersahave atmospheres made of ions and atomic species from molecular dissociation and feature strong day-to-night temperature gradients. Photometric observations at different orbital phases provide insights on the planetas atm
Recombination strongly impacts sequence evolution by affecting the extent of linkage and the efficiency of selection. Here, we study recombination over the Z chromosome in great reed warblers (Acrocephalus arundinaceus) using pedigree-based linkage mapping. This species has extended Z and W chromosomes (“neo-sex chromosomes”) formed by a fusion between a part of chromosome 4A and the ancestral sex
Induction hardening is widely used in the industry as a surface heat treatment that improves the surface and the subsurface hardness of components greatly. The hardened case, which usually is a few mm, highly impacts the surface and structural integrity of the component. In this work, we simulate the scanning induction hardening process by means of finite element modeling. The computed hardness, m
EU law increasingly requires that the Member States establish independent administrative bodies in various fields. Examples include market supervision, non-discrimination, and data protection. This article addresses the realisation of such requirements in the five Nordic states. The West Nordic systems of Denmark, Iceland, and Norway feature a traditional hierarchic organisation of the administrat
Events which have an adverse or positive effect on some firms can disseminate through the economy to firms which are not directly affected. By exploiting the first large sovereign bond purchase programme of the ECB, this paper investigates whether more lending to some firms spill over to firms in the surroundings of direct beneficiaries. Firms operating in the same industry and region invest less
BACKGROUND: The authors propose that for a moderate reduction of perfusion during progressive irreversible ischemia, oxygen extraction increases to maintain aerobic metabolism, and arteriojugular oxygen difference (AJDo2) increases. Because of reduced carbon dioxide washout, venoarterial difference in carbon dioxide tension (DPco2) increases, with no change in the DPco2/AJDo2 ratio. With further r
This paper presents a survey that identifies lead-time consumption in the development and evolution of distributed real-time systems DRTSs. Data has been collected through questionnaires, focused interviews and non-directive interviews with senior designers. Quantitative data has been analyzed using the Analytic Hierarchical Process (AHP). A trend in the 11 organizations is that there is a statist
This paper adds a phenomenological account to the discussion on what constitutes the favorable prospects of the peer-relation in the context of self-help. By drawing on Heidegger’s lectures on St Paul’s First Thessalonians, and engaging in dialogue with a fictive case, we show that more attention needs to be given to how meaning is enacted, rather than simply adopted, in the peer-relation; that is
A humanoid dummy inside a well controlled radon exposure chamber (volume=20m3) was used to investigate the properties of an aerosol close to, and far away from the human face, respectively. Rn222 and a NaCl aerosol (geometric mean diameter=86 nm, concentration ( 5000 cm-3 was added to the room. The size distribution of the passive aerosol and the unattached fraction of the radon progeny were measu
