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Mass spectrometry was used to determine the endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) marker 3-hydroxytetradecanoic acid and 3-deoxy -D-manno-2-octulosonic acid in cigarette tobacco and smoke particles. Tobacco from cigarettes of different brands purchased in four different countries in Europe and Asia contained similar amounts of LPS. Indoor exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) in rooms of smo

Control systems are often built using visual dataflow-based languages, and supporting different variants may be challenging. We introduce the concept of connection interception based on inheritance. This mechanism allows a diagram to extend another diagram and intercept connections defined in the supertype, that is, to replace it by two other connections, in order to specialize the behavior. This

The semantic formalism reference attribute grammars (RAGs) allows graphs to be superimposed on abstract syntax trees. This paper investigates how RAGs can be used to model visual languages, with a case study of a control language that also has a textual syntax. The language contains blocks on which a total execution order is defined based on connections and layout information. One strength of RAGs

We report on a revisit in 2009 to sites where vegetation was recorded in 1967 and 1970 on Disko Island, West Greenland. Re-sampling of the same clones of the grass Phleum alpinum after 39 years showed complete stability in biometrics but dramatic earlier onset of various phenological stages that were not related to changes in population density. In a fell-field community, there was a net species l

We review the recent progress in dynamical and statistical downscaling approaches for west African precipitation and perform a regional climate model (RCM) intercomparison using the novel multi-model RCM data set from the Ensembles-based Predictions of Climate Changes and Their Impacts (ENSEMBLES) and African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analyses (AMMA) projects. Present RCMs have distinct systematic

The purpose of an indoor climate system is to fulfil the required thermal comfort and provide satisfactory indoor air quality by using as little resources as possible. This study investigated the resulting energy use and life cycle cost from different ventilation systems for typical single family houses in the Nordic outdoor climate. Three ventilation systems were compared, namely exhaust ventilat

In editors for visual languages it is often useful to provide interactive feedback that depends on the static semantics of the edited program. In this paper we demonstrate how such feedback can be implemented using reference attribute grammars. Because the implementation is declarative, it is easy to modularize compiler and editor computations, reusing the compiler's program model in the editor. F

Popular Abstract in Swedish Avhandlingen behandlar utveckling och verifikation av mekaniska belastningsmodeller för bearbetningsprocesser där verktyget har flera skärande eggar, s.k. flereggsprocesser. Arbetet är speciellt inriktat på modellering och mätning av faktorer som inverkar på belastningsvariationer i processen, eftersom dessa medför konsekvenser för bearbetningsresultat och verktygslivslThis thesis presents the developement and verification of cutting force models for multi-toothed cutting processes. The scope of the thesis includes the modelling and measuring of factors that affect the mechanical load variation between individual cutting edges in the process. These factors will for example influence tool life and workpiece quality. The most important factors are; errors in radia

This paper presents a study of the sensor network calibration time-difference-of-arrival (TDOA) measurements. Such calibration arise in several applications such as calibration of (acoustic or ultrasound) microphone arrays, bluetooth arrays, and radio antenna networks. We propose a non-iterative algorithm that apply a three-step stratification process, (i) using a set of rank constraints to determ

JastAddJ is an extensible Java compiler, implemented using reference attribute grammars. It has been shown previously how the language constructs of Java 5, like generics, could be modularly added to the original JastAddJ compiler that supported Java 1.4. In this paper we discuss our experiences from extending Jast- AddJ to support Java 7. In particular, we discuss how the Try-With-Resources state

In this paper, we study the geometry problems of estimating camera pose with unknown focal length using combination of geometric primitives. We consider points, lines and also rich features such as quivers, i.e. points with one or more directions. We formulate the problems as polynomial systems where the constraints for different primitives are handled in a unified way. We develop efficient polyno

In this paper we describe how techniques for refactoring can be used for visual editing of hybrid languages, that is, languages that have both a visual and a textual syntax. Textual languages have name rules that define how name uses are bound to name declarations. These bindings often correspond to connections in the visual language, and need to be taken into account in order to implement the vis

The future evolution of global ice sheets under anthropogenic greenhouse forcing and its impact on the climate system, including the regional climate of the ice sheets, are investigated with a comprehensive earth system model consisting of a coupled Atmosphere-Ocean General Circulation Model, a dynamic vegetation model and an ice sheet model. The simulated control climate is realistic enough to pe

Free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) experiments provide a remarkable wealth of data which can be used to evaluate and improve terrestrial ecosystem models (TEMs). In the FACE model-data synthesis project, 11 TEMs were applied to two decadelong FACE experiments in temperate forests of the southeastern U.S.the evergreen Duke Forest and the deciduous Oak Ridge Forest. In this baseline paper, we demonstrat

Automated object detection is perhaps the most central task of computer vision and arguably the most difficult one. This paper extends previous work on part-based models by using accurate geometric models both in the learning phase and at detection. In the learning phase manual annotations are used to reduce perspective distortion before learning the part-based models. That training is performed o

Abstract in UndeterminedThe separation of global radiation (Rg) into its direct (Rb) and diffuse constituents (Rg) is important when modeling plant photosynthesis because a high Rd:Rg ratio has been shown to enhance Gross Primary Production (GPP). To include this effect in vegetation models, the plant canopy must be separated into sunlit and shaded leaves. However, because such models are often to

We use formaldehyde (HCHO) vertical column measurements from the Scanning Imaging Absorption spectrometer for Atmospheric Chartography (SCIAMACHY) and Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), and a nested-grid version of the GEOS-Chem chemistry transport model, to infer an ensemble of top-down isoprene emission estimates from tropical South America during 2006, using different model configurations and a