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Here we present results from a field experiment in an Arctic wetland situated in Zackenberg, NE Greenland. During one growing season we investigated how dominance of the sedge Eriophorum scheuchzeri affected the below-ground concentrations of low molecular weight carbon compounds (LMWOC) and the fluxes of CO2 and CH4 in comparison to dominance of other sedges (Carex stans and Dupontia psilosantha)
This paper reviews the currently available optical sensors, their limitations and opportunities for deployment at Eddy Covariance (EC) sites in Europe. This review is based on the results obtained from an online survey designed and disseminated by the Co-cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) Action ESO903-"Spectral Sampling Tools for Vegetation Biophysical Parameters and Flux Measurements i
The Arctic land area has warmed by > 1 A degrees C in the last 30 years and there is evidence that this has led to increased productivity and stature of tundra vegetation and reduced albedo, effecting a positive (amplifying) feedback to climate warming. We applied an individual-based dynamic vegetation model over the Arctic forced by observed climate and atmospheric CO2 for 1980-2006. Averaged ove
Arctic ecosystems play a key role in the terrestrial carbon cycle. Our aim was to combine satellite-based normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) with field measurements of CO2 fluxes to investigate changes in gross primary production (GPP) for the peak growing seasons 1992-2008 in Rylekaerene, a wet tundra ecosystem in the Zackenberg valley, north-eastern Greenland. A method to incorporate
Despite their tiny eyes and brains, nocturnal insects have remarkable visual abilities. Recent work-particularly on fast-flying moths and bees and on ball-rolling dung beetles-has shown that nocturnal insects are able to distinguish colors, to detect faint movements, to learn visual landmarks, to orient to the faint pattern of polarized light produced by the moon, and to navigate using the stars.
Palsa mires, nutrient poor permafrost peatlands common in subarctic regions, store a significant amount of carbon (C) and it has been hypothesized their net ecosystem C balance (NECB) is sensitive to climate change. Over two years we measured the NECB for Stordalen palsa mire and found it to accumulate 46 g C m(-2) yr(-1). While Stordalen NECB is comparable to nutrient poor peatlands without perma
In this study we quantify the partitioning of recent assimilates to above- and below-ground carbon (C) pools in two subarctic mire ecosystems - wet minerotrophic and semiwet ombrotrophic mire - using in situ C-14 pulse-labelling. Ecosystem C partitioning to rhizomes, coarse roots, fine roots, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and microbes were quantified twice during the growing season at three diffe
Regional vegetation-climate modelling studies have typically focused on boreal or temperate ecosystems in North America and Europe, almost completely overlooking tropical ecosystems. We present the first results of simulated regional vegetation-climate dynamics in Middle America as simulated by the model, LPJ-GUESS. The Kappa statistic indicated poor agreement, with a Kappa value of 0.301. When we
Methane (CH4) fluxes 1997-2010 were studied by combining remotely sensed normalised difference water index (NDWI) with in situ CH4 fluxes from Rylekaerene, a high-Arctic wet tundra ecosystem in the Zackenberg valley, north-eastern Greenland. In situ CH4 fluxes were measured using the closed-chamber technique. Regression models between in situ CH4 fluxes and environmental variables [soil temperatur
Accumulated carbon uptake, apparent quantum yield (AQY) and light-saturated net CO2 assimilation (A(sat)) were used to assess the responses of photosynthesis to environmental conditions during spring for three consecutive years. Whole-tree chambers were used to expose 40-year-old field-grown Norway spruce trees in northern Sweden to an elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration, [CO2], of 700 mu mol C
A fully coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation model is used to simulate climate conditions during the last glacial maximum (LGM). Forcing conditions include astronomical parameters, greenhouse gases, ice sheets and vegetation. A 50-yr period of the global simulation is dynamically downscaled to 50 km horizontal resolution over Europe with a regional climate model (RCM). A dynamic vegetation
We have investigated the spatio-temporal carbon balance patterns resulting from forcing a dynamic global vegetation model with output from 18 climate models of the CMIP5 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5) ensemble. We found robust patterns in terms of an extra-tropical loss of carbon, except for a temperature induced shift in phenology, leading to an increased spring uptake of carbon.
The thesis departures from concepts from conflict transformation and resolution literature and peace research in order to analyse the situation in the Northern Region of Ghana and establish the possibilities of work for the Commission on Human Rights and Administrative Justice in the Northern Region. Further, the Paris Principles are studied and the basis for work of national human rights institut
The wood pulp industry has been around for a long time, but new higher quality pulp require more advanced solutions to old processes. One of these processes is the peroxide (PO) bleaching process, which is the last of a whole chain of bleaching processes at the Mörrum pulp processing plant. The aim of this thesis was to develop and study a model for the peroxide pulp bleaching process, and thereaf
The Swedish national election of 2022 paved the way for potentially witnessing European issues being more prominent and contentious than ever before among the national parties. However, as the Member State has historically been characterised by its ambivalence towards the EU, there exist reasons to question this assumption. By drawing upon the context of the election, both before and after electio
Detta arbete behandlar medgivandeutredningen (senare benämnd utredningen) av familjehem ur ett rättssäkerhetsperspektiv. Utredningar av familjehem görs utifrån bestämmelser i Socialtjänstlagen (SoL) och det är denna lag som utgör grunden för utredningarna. I arbetet görs därför först en beskrivning och kort genomgång av vad som historiskt föregått den lagstiftning som resulterat i SoL och den ramlThe investigation of the foster home – a study of the rule of law and the best interest of the child This essay deals with the investigation of the foster home and the requirements that the Social Services Act (hereafter referred to as SoL) holds for this. The issue is dealt with in the perspective of the rule of law of the requirements in the investigation, and the best interest of the child. T
Mål rörande rena utflyttningsskatter har det senaste decenniet varit tämligen frekvent förekommande i EU-domstolen. Detta har i sin tur medfört att, b.la, Kommissionens fokus har riktats gentemot ifrågakommande medlemsstaters utformning/tillämpning av denna typ av skatter då medlemsstaterna i sin strävan att skydda sina respektive skattebaser gärna använder sig av utflyttningsskatter i olika utforOver the last decade there has been an increase in the number of cases that are referred to the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) with regards to matters of exit taxes. Consequently, this has turned the Commission’s focus towards the outline of the respective exit tax regimes applied in the different Member States (MS). This since the MS, in their efforts to protect their respective ta
This thesis investigates the strategic use of narratives in Chinese Buddhist public diplomacy to support the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in Thailand. This study examines the different levels of narrative formation, including system, identity, and issue narratives, to provide a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms that drive communication, persuasion, and influence in international affa
This research project investigates Swedish upper secondary school students’ experiences of engaging with English fiction, both within and outside of the context of their English language classroom. Three focus group interviews were conducted with 18 upper secondary school students from the southern parts of Sweden. Based on the collected data, five themes were identified. The themes were 1) the pe
