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Popular Abstract in Swedish Ämnet för denna avhandling är luftkvalitet i stadsmiljöer. Efter det att utsläppen till luft från industrier och produktion av värme och kraft har minskat betydligt över de senaste årtiondena framstår trafiken alltmer som en dominerande källa till luftföroreningar i städer, och utgör ett hot mot människors hälsa. De största hälsoeffekterna orsakade av trafikens utsläppUltrafine particles, their sources and fate in the atmosphere are currently key issues in atmospheric research owing to concern about their effects on human health and global climate. Traffic emissions are a dominating source of ultrafine particles, especially in urban areas. After release into the atmosphere, the particles are subjected to complex dilution and transformation processes that are of

During south Scandinavian Late Bronze Age, c. 900-500 BC, a new tool was invented. It consisted of a wooden shaft and a knife blade made out of flint. One singel of this tool still exists today. It was found in a Danish bog in late 19th century. But there are many of the knife blades of flint; in museum collections or in flint assemblages from archaeological excavations. Archaeologists call them l

Popular Abstract in Swedish Denna avhandling behandlar tre frågor med anknytning till Ads/CFT-korrespondensen. I papper I presenteras lösningar som beskriver geometrin hos fraktionella D1-bran från Typ IIB strängteori. Kopplingskonstantens energiberoende beräknas på gaugeteorisidan. I papper II används idén att den anomala dimesionen för en gaugeteorioperator kan tolkas som ett egenvärde till HThis thesis deals with three topics related to the Ads/CFT correspondence. In Paper I, solutions describing the geometry of fractional D1-branes of Type IIB string theory are presented. The running coupling constant is computed on the gauge theory side. Paper II uses the idea that the anomalous dimension of a gauge theory operator can be interpreted as an eigenvalue of a spin chain Hamiltonian.

This paper reports on an inquiry into the use of metadata, publishing formats, and markup in editor-managed open access journals. It builds on findings from a study of the document architectures of open access journals, conducted through a survey of 265 journal web sites and a qualitative, descriptive analysis of 4 journal web sites. The journals’ choices of publishing formats and the consistency

Out-of-body experiences (OBEs) are characterized by disruptions between normally integrated subsystems that modulate the visuo-spatial representation of embodied consciousness. Similar disruptions in the coordination of cognitive processes, and corresponding alterations in cortical functional connectivity, have been observed in highly suggestible individuals following a hypnotic induction and afte

Interactions between land surface and atmosphere induced by human activities and natural environmental dynamics act on a time scale that varies from seconds to millions of years. It is by exchanging heat, water, energy and carbon that land surface and atmospheric processes are closely interrelated and influence each other in reciprocal ways. Among the natural interactions between land surface and

Various aspects of the strong interaction are considered. Correlation effects in the hadronization process in a string model are studied. A discrete approximation scheme to the perturbative QCD cascade in e⁺ e^- annihilation is formulated. The model, Discrete QCD, predicts a rather low phase space density of "effectlve gluons". This is related to the properties of the runnin

Popular Abstract in Swedish Fåglars flygförmåga I alla tider har vi fascinerats av fåglars förmåga att flyga, och många försök att förstå och efterlikna dem har gjorts. Kanske den förste som på allvar intresserade sig för mekanismerna bakom fåglars flykt var Leonardo da Vinci som runt år 1500 funderade på hur fåglar alstrar lyftkraft. Leonardo skissade också på 100-tals maskiner som var tänkta atI share my fascination of bird flight with many others, and here I summarise my thesis on the subject. This thesis emphasises the mechanics of bird flight by focusing on flight mechanics, wake dynamics and flight performance. Gliding flight performance of a jackdaw was measured in a wind tunnel and I conclude that the current model for predicting optimum wingspan as a function of forward gliding

It is generally agreed that children are able to acquire two languages to which they are exposed from birth as two L1s. Little attention has been drawn to cases when one language develops slower and is weaker in different aspects. A question under debate is whether the weaker language develops as an L2 rather than as an L1. The goal of this paper is to contribute to the understanding of the weaker