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‘Transition’ was a concept used to denote that the former communist states in Europe were on the track towards establishment of a market economy in the wake of the collapsed planned economy. Another connotation of the concept was democracy – or democratisation – and a third, which was introduced when it became obvious that institutions were important for the transition to succeed, the Rechtsstaat,

An improved conventional-to-micro/minichannel threshold was proposed as Bo = 4 and BoRe(1)(0.5) = 200, where Bo is the Bond number and Re-1 is the liquid Reynolds number. The region Bo < 4 and BoRe(1)(0.5) < 200 is termed as micro/minichannel because bubbles tend to be confined and elongated in the channel and the conventional two-phase flow theory loses its applicability. Flow-pattern based heat

This essay deals with mythologizing as an inherent part of historiography, and as a way to imbue the past with meaningfulness, with focus on the commemoration of the Holocaust, the Nazi genocide on European Jewry.

This paper shows a novel methodology to reduce the complexity in unrolled CORDIC architectures. The methodology is based on eliminating the CORDIC stages starting from the first stage. As an example, a six stage CORDIC is used but the methodology is applicable on CORDICs with an arbitrary number of stages. The paper shows that the complexity can be reduced by 25%.

Most state-of-the-art natural gas fired combined cycle (NGCC) plants are triple-pressure reheat cycles with efficiencies close to 60 percent. However, with carbon capture and storage, the efficiency will be penalized by almost 10 percent units. To limit the energy consumption for a carbon capture NGCC plant, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) is necessary. Utilizing EGR increases the CO2 content in t

We show that the problem of constructing a minimum directed Steiner tree of depth O(log(d)n) in a directed graph of maximum outdegree d admits an expO(root logn)-approximation in polynomial time.

The article investigates translation culture in the Swedish dominion Swedish Pomerania during the eighteenth century, with a particular focus on periodicals.

Background: Standard anti-proliferative chemotherapy is relatively ineffective against slowly proliferating androgen-independent prostate cancer cells within metastatic sites. In contrast, the lipophilic cytotoxin thapsigargin, which causes apoptosis by disrupting intracellular free Ca2+ levels, is effective against both proliferative and quiescent (i.e., G(0)-arrested) cells. However, thapsigargi

Genotyping of hepatitis C virus (HCV) is important because of its clinical and epidemiological implications. We report here the distribution of HCV genotypes in various patient groups in Finland using a rapid and reliable HCV typing method based on restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of the amplified DNA from the 5' non-coding region of the genome. The reaction product from the primary

Moraxella catarrhalis IgD-binding protein (MID) is a multimeric outer membrane protein belonging to the family of autotransporters. The IgD-binding domain of MID is located between amino acids MID 962-1200 and binds to amino acids 198-224 of the IgD C(H)1 region. In the present study, we describe a method to purify IgD from serum with high levels of IgD using a two-step affinity chromatography pro

The formation of triblock copolymer/surfactant complexes upon mixing a nonionic Pluronic polymer (PEO-PPO-PEO) with a cationic surfactant, hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC), has been studied in dilute aqueous solutions using small-angle X-ray scattering, static and dynamic light scattering, and self-diffusion NMR. The studied copolymer (denoted P123, EO20PO68EO20) forms micelles with a ra

Steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence studies were performed on aqueous solutions of poly(acrylic acid) hydrophobically modified with two very different levels of naphthalene (Np). It is demonstrated that unique information on association phenomena involving hydrophobe-modifed polymers can be obtained from an extended fluorescence study by using data for a less-modified polymer as a referenc