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Neutrophil migration across infected mucosal surfaces is chemokine dependent, but the role of chemokine receptors has not been investigated. In this study, chemokine receptors were shown to be expressed by epithelial cells lining the urinary tract, and to play an essential role for neutrophil migration across the mucosal barrier. Uroepithelial CXCR1 and CXCR2 expression was detected in human urina

Hydration of hen egg white lysozyme was studied by using the method of sorption calorimetry at 25, 40, and 50degreesC. Desorption calorimetric measurements were performed at 25 and 40degreesC. The activity of water and partial molar enthalpy of mixing of water were determined as functions of water content. Hydration of lysozyme occurs in four steps: slow penetration of water into the protein-prote

The internal structure of composite gels made of responsive microgel particles inserted into a bulk hydrogel (N-isopropylacrylamide microgel particles in a cross-linked dimethylacrylamide matrix) has been investigated from the diffusion behavior of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) probes through the network, in the absence of specific interactions between the diffusing molecules and the system. The eff

The aqueous phase behavior of a series of complex salts, containing cationic surfactants with polymeric counterions, has been investigated by visual inspection and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The salts were alkyltrimethylammonium polyacrylates, C(x)TAPA(y), based on all combinations of five surfactant chain lengths (C-6, C-8, C-10, C-12, and C-16) and two lengths of the polyacrylate chain

The effect of salt on the location and structure of a flexible polyelectrolyte confined inside a viral capsid and the Donnan equilibrium of the salt across the capsid have been examined using a coarse-grained model solved by Monte Carlo simulations. The polyelectrolyte was represented by a linear jointed chain of charged beads, and the capsid was represented by a spherical shell with embedded char

The effect of adding a Thermomyces (formerly Humicola) lanuginosa lipase (TLL) to a cubic dispersion of the binary monoolein (MO)-(H2O)-H-2 system and to vesicles formed by the ternary MO-sodium oleate (NaO)(H2O)-H-2 system at high water content has been studied. The change in lipid aggregate structure during the lipolytic process was observed by light microscopy, cryo-TEM, and dynamic light scatt

Background: The neonatal lupus syndrome can be present as congenital heart block (CHB) or as neonatal lupus erythematosus (NLE), both seldom passively acquired autoimmune diseases. CHB starts around week 20 of pregnancy and is a lifelong event, whereas NLE is self limiting and usually starts at the 6th week of the child's age - the maximum recorded up to week 20. Case report: An asymptomatic mothe

Regular octahedral coordination has been reported for some copper(II) complexes in the solid state on the basis of crystallographic studies, e.g. hexaaquacopper(II) bromate, [Cu(OH2)(6)](BrO3)(2). hexaaquacopper(II) hexafluorosilicate, [Cu(OH2)(6)]Si-6, and hexakis(pyridine-1-oxide)copper(II) perchlorate. [Cu(ONC5H5)(6)](ClO4)(2). These results are not consistent with the elongated octahedral conf

The effect of varying the fraction of charged monomer units of the polyion in aqueous polyion-oppositely charged surfactant complex salts has been investigated. The complex salts used were based on cetyltrimethylammonium (C(16)TA(+)) with three different polymeric counterions: poly(acrylate) (PA(-)) or poly(acrylate) copolymerized with either dimethylacrylamide (PA(-)/DAM) or N-isopropylamide (PA(

Release of cytotoxic granule proteins from activated eosinophil granules is considered to be a key pathogenic mechanism in eosinophilic diseases. Degenerated eosinophils and extracellular eosinophil granules have been repeatedly depicted. The present overview describes evidence that eosinophil lysis and distribution of free eosinophil granules (as opposed to 'classical degranulation') is an import

Objective: To identify the consequences of an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear in a cohort of male soccer players 14 years after the initial injury with respect to radiographic knee osteoarthritis and patient relevant outcomes. Methods: Of 219 male soccer players with an ACL injury in 1986, 205 (94%) were available for follow up after 14 years; 75% of the cohort (154/205) answered mailed que

We describe the history, construction, and use of a portable walk-in wader trap (i.e., modified Ottenby trap) designed to be used in field expedition conditions. It is rectangular-shaped, 120 x 41 x 32 cm when operational, weighs between 1.5 and 2 kg (depending on materials used) and can be folded flat for easy transportation. It consists of several metal frames filled with fishing net, and has a

Dietary supplements, designed to fortify the antioxidant status of human metabolism, are intended to provide nutritional support against the aging process. The strategy is based on the observation that environmental and metabolic sources of oxidatively generated free radicals damage key macromolecules, such as DNA, that in turn alter physiologic processes, and in turn may contribute to aging and a

Previous work has shown that the lips are moving at a high velocity when the oral closure occurs for bilabial stop consonants, resulting in tissue compression and mechanical interactions between the lips. The present experiment recorded tongue movements in four subjects during the production of velar and alveolar stop consonants to examine kinematic events before, during, and after the stop closur

Antigenicity, the ability to bind to members of repertoire of diverse immune receptors, is a concept that is poorly characterised with respect to its defining parameters. To learn more about its makeup, we have investigated the ability of two peptides with highly related sequences, derived from the tumour-associated antigen mucin-1, to recruit in vitro members from a large naive repertoire of synt

When heating a dilute sample of the binary system of tetraethyleneglycol dodecyl ether (C12E4) and water from the micellar phase (L-1) into the two-phase region of a lamellar phase (L-alpha) and excess water (W) vesicles are formed. During heating, one passes a region of phase separation in the micellar phase (L-1' + L-1") where the initial micelles rapidly fuse into larger aggregates forming the

Macroscopic phase separation in covalent sodium polyacrylate (PA) networks following the absorption of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide/chloride (CTAB/C) from aqueous solutions is studied experimentally and theoretically. The gels are shown to consist of a solvent-swollen polyelectrolyte network (core), surrounded by a dense surface phase (skin) of polyion/surfactant complexes. The effect of core sw

Galectins are a group of lactose-binding proteins widely distributed in nature. Twelve mammalian galectins have so far been identified, but their functions are to a large extent unknown. In this work we study galectin-1 in its interaction with human neutrophils, with regard to both cell surface binding and activation of the superoxide-producing NADPH-oxidase. We show that galectin-1 is able to act

Abstract is not available