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An Escherichia coli strain transfected with a plasmid containing four linked human proinsulin genes was grown in the presence of 35S and 3H labelled amino acids to gain access to human insulin that was radiolabelled at 19 evenly distributed sites throughout the amino acid sequence. The multi-proinsulin precursor was cleaved at methionine residues with cyanogen bromide, then the individual proinsul

This paper presents a biocatalysis based approach for asymmetric hydrolysis of Clopidogrel, one of the most effective antiplatelet aggregators. Instead of the conventional "wet lab" screening method, we used an advanced chemical information retrieval tool, Scifinder®, to find suitable enzyme candidate(s) for the asymmetric hydrolysis. Scifinder® search for reactions similar to the target reaction

In previous studies in southern Sweden, early use of oral contraceptives has been found to be accompanied by an increased risk of developing premenopausal breast cancer, and the tumors developing in these patients have shown a more aggressive behavior. In the present study, amplification of the proto-oncogenes Her-2/neu (also known as ERBB2) and INT2 was studied in primary tumor specimens from 72

This thesis examines gender equality policies of the European Union in external affairs. The aim is to discover how the meaning and “problem” of gender (in)equality is constructed, represented, and problematized in the gender policies for external action. The study also ascertains what logics underpin the problem representations, whose voices are silenced, and what subject positions are created. E

Linkage analysis of F-2 crosses has led to identification of large numbers of quantitative trait loci (QTL) for complex diseases, but identification of the underlying genes has been more difficult. Reasons for this could be complications that arise from separation of interacting or neighboring loci. We made a partial advanced intercross (PAI) to characterize and fine-map linkage to collagen-induce

Dense stellar systems in general and star clusters in particular have recently regained the interest of the extragalactic and even cosmology communities, due to the role they could play as actors and probes of re-ionization, galactic archeology and the dark matter content of galaxies, among many others. In the era of the exploitation and the preparation of large stellar surveys (Gaia, APOGEE, 4MOS

Machine learning is a powerful technique, becoming increasingly popular in astrophysics. In this paper, we apply machine learning to more than a thousand globular cluster (GC) models simulated with the mocca-Survey Database I project in order to correlate present-day observable properties with the presence of a subsystem of stellar mass black holes (BHs). The machine learning model is then applied

This paper deals with the role of a journal's publisher country in determining the expected citation rates of the articles published in it. We analyze whether a paper has a higher citation rate when it is published in one of the large publisher nations, the U.S., U.K., or the Netherlands, compared to a hypothetical situation when the same paper is published in journals of different origin. This wo

Adjunctive treatment with hyperbaric oxygen therapy has recently been shown to improve ulcer healing in patients with chronic diabetic foot ulcer. The aim of the present study is to evaluate whether hyperbaric oxygen therapy improves the health related quality of life in these patients.

What is nationalism? When did it originate and how did it develop throughout the centuries? What types of nationalism have evolved in different sociopolitical settings and why? By addressing these questions, this entry seeks to address the key issues of the conceptualization of nationalism, followed by an analysis of its development in different structural, cultural, and political contexts. The en

This essay asks whether it is possible for outsider western cultures to represent sub-Saharan African cultures in a manner where the exhibited, the colonized voices can be heard and expressed. Drawing on representational and postcolonial theory the author analyses how the exhibition of African artifacts in Denmark´s National Museum can influence the visitor. To test his assumptions, he uses divers

The Tenant of Wildfell Hall (1848) can be read as a protofeminist text and a radical novel for its time, as it confronted the lack of maternal rights and protection for children. In this paper I discuss the portrayal of motherhood, and the factors that empower and restrict Helen. Using Sarah Lewis´s Woman´s Mission (1839) and her contemporary views of maternal duty, this paper explores the complex

Quantitative studies show that the proportion of young people in Sweden who distrust democracy has increased, mainly among boys. This qualitative interview study, based on qualitative text analysis, seeks an in-depth understanding of young people's experiences of democracy through semi-structured interviews, illuminated by the theory of participatory democracy. The study includes group intervi